核心畫面

Picture one thing hanging from another — it can't hold itself up, and it stays up only because something above is holding it. Cut that support away and it drops.

比較像一樣東西掛在另一樣東西上:它自己站不住,全靠上頭那個支撐點吊著。一旦把支撐抽掉,它就往下掉。這個「掛著、靠著才更多收起比較像一樣東西掛在另一樣東西上:它自己站不住,全靠上頭那個支撐點吊著。一旦把支撐抽掉,它就往下掉。這個「掛著、靠著才不會倒」的畫面,貫穿了需要別人養、戒不掉、還有結果要看別的條件而定。

From the word’s history

From Latin dependere, 'to hang down from' (de- 'down' + pendere 'to hang'). The literal picture of one thing hanging from another became the modern sense of relying on something to hold you up.

來自拉丁文 dependere,字面是「從上頭往下掛」(de- 「向下」+ pendere 「懸掛」)。這個一樣東西吊在另一樣東西上的畫面,後來就變成「靠著別人才撐得住」的意思。

etymonline.com/word/dependent

Three branches

靠著才站得住

直接就是核心那個「掛著、靠著才不倒」的畫面,只是掛的對象是人:靠著別人才撐得住。

dependent, reliant · adjective · B2

Needing someone or something in order to live, succeed, or stay healthy.

依賴的

身心戒不掉

還是「少了它就撐不住」,但這次吊住你的是一種物質或習慣,身心把它當成非有不可的支點。

addicted, dependent · adjective · B2

Feeling that your body or mind cannot manage without something, so it is very hard to stop.

戒不掉的

結果看它而定

一樣是吊著,只是吊住的是一個結果:它會如何,全看它掛的那個條件怎麼走。

dependent on, contingent · adjective · B2

Decided or changed by something else, so its result follows from that thing.

取決於

原始詞典資料9 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

dependentadj/dɪˈpɛndənt/

  • 1

    Relying upon; depending upon.

    • At that point I was dependent on financial aid for my tuition.
    • It is time the international community faced the reality: we have an unmanageable, unfair, distortionary global tax regime. […] It is the starving of the public sector which has been pivotal in America no longer being the land of opportunity – with a child's life prospects more dependent on the income and education of its parents than in other advanced countries.
  • 2

    mathematicssciencesstatisticsHaving a probability that is affected by the outcome of a separate event.

    • The formula for finding the probability of one event followed by a dependent event is written P(A, B) = P(A) × P(B/A) where P(B/A) is read “the probability of B given A.”
    • Within the GMM framework, the distribution of returns conditional on the market return can be both serially dependent and conditionally heteroscedastic.
  • 3

    Used after a particle (with one or two exceptions), such as those which express questions, subordinate clauses, and negative sentences.

  • 4

    medicinesciencesOf part of the body: positioned lower than the heart, like the legs while standing up, or the back while supine.

    • Several groups have shown that the gravitational distribution of pleural pressure is much more uniform when animals are in a prone rather than in a supine position, […] After volume-infusion-induced pulmonary oedema, Ppl was positive in the dependent lung regions in supine animals but much less positive in those in the prone position.
    • The limbs should not assume a dependent position and may be supported; for example, the upper arm and leg may be flexed and supported on pillows[…]
  • 5

    Hanging down.

    • a dependent bough or leaf

dependentnoun/dɪˈpɛndənt/

  • 1

    A person who relies on another for support or sustenance, particularly financial support.

    • With two children and an ailing mother, she had three dependents in all.
  • 2

    grammarhuman-scienceslinguisticsAn element in phrase or clause structure that is not the head. Includes complements, modifiers and determiners.

  • 3

    grammarhuman-scienceslinguisticsThe aorist subjunctive or subjunctive perfective: a form of a verb not used independently but preceded by a particle to form the negative or a tense form. Found in Greek and in the Gaelic languages.

  • 4

    human-sciencesphilosophysciencesdependent (origination), in Buddhism, the idea that the existence of everything is conditional and dependent on a cause, and that nothing happens fortuitously or by chance.

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。