核心畫面

Picture something done so many times that nobody asks why any more — the way a village always does a wedding, the way you always take the same seat. The word names the settled practice itself, and English then follows that practice outward: the toll customarily paid at the border, the shop you buy from, the order made specially for that regular buyer.

可以想成:一件事做了太多次,久到沒有人再問「為什麼要這樣」——村子裡辦喜事一定照這個流程走,你每次都坐同一個位子。這更多收起可以想成:一件事做了太多次,久到沒有人再問「為什麼要這樣」——村子裡辦喜事一定照這個流程走,你每次都坐同一個位子。這個字指的就是那個「已經固定下來的做法」。從這裡再往外走:邊境上照慣例要繳的那筆錢、你習慣去買東西的那家店、那家店專門為熟客做的東西,都是同一個「習以為常」在不同地方落腳。

From the word’s history

Etymonline traces custom to Old French costume and Latin consuetudinem 'habit, usage, practice, tradition', and records that the sense of a 'regular' toll or tax on goods is already there in the early 14th century — the border payment was named as the customary due, which is how today's plural customs (the office, the hall at the airport) grew out of the habit sense.

Etymonline 記載 custom 來自古法文 costume、拉丁文 consuetudinem,意思是「習慣、慣常的做法、傳統」;而「貨物上照例要繳的稅」這個意思早在十四世紀初就有了。也就是說,海關那一支不是比喻,而是從「照慣例要繳的那筆錢」直接長出來的——先有慣例,才有這筆稅,最後才有收這筆稅的單位和機場那個大廳。

Etymonline, entry "custom" (etymonline.com/word/custom)

From the picture

邊境上照慣例要繳的那一關

這一支不是比喻,而是歷史上的直線延伸:貨物進出境「照慣例」要繳一筆錢,那筆錢後來就叫 customs,再變成收錢的單位和你提著行李走過的那個大廳。

border checkpoint · noun · B1

The place at a border or airport where officers check your bags for things that are not allowed into a country.

海關

習慣往來的那筆生意

把「習慣性地重複」放到買賣上:同一個客人一直上同一家店。customer(顧客)就是從這裡來的,指的正是「習慣來的人」。

regular shop business · noun · B1

The business a shop gets from people who buy there regularly.

惠顧 / 生意

Also in this word

traditional practice · noun · B1

Something that people in a group or country have done for a long time because it is their tradition.

習俗 / 風俗

personal habit · noun · B1

Something one person usually does, especially at a certain time or in a certain situation.

習慣 / 慣例

原始詞典資料16 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

customnoun/ˈkʌstəm/

  • 1

    Frequent repetition of the same behavior; way of behavior common to many; ordinary manner; habitual practice; method of doing, living or behaving.

    • Much forbidden by elder custom is accepted today.
    • A custom More honour'd in the breach than the observance.
  • 2

    Habitual buying of goods from one same vendor.

    • Thank you for your custom.
    • Let him have your custom, but not your votes.
  • 3

    Habitual buying of goods from one same vendor.

  • 4

    lawLong-established practice, considered as unwritten law, and resting for authority on long consent. Compare prescription.

    • The distinction between custom and usage it that usage is a fact and custom is a law. There can be usage without custom, but not custom without usage.
  • 5

    Traditional beliefs or rituals.

    • The Ancient Egyptian culture had many distinctive and interesting beliefs and customs; one custom was the mummification of the dead.
  • 6

    A custom (made-to-order) piece of art, etc.

    • The rest of the necklace holders finally came in! If you bought a custom from me thank you so much for your patience! I’m gonna try my best to crank them out as fast as possible
    • Oftentimes I have trouble finding enough women to buy customs from. Strangely enough, finding women to take hundreds of dollars for a selfie isn’t as easy as you’d think.
  • 7

    obsoleteFamiliar acquaintance; familiarity.

    • Age can not wither her, nor custom stale Her infinite variety.
  • 8

    archaicToll, tax, or tribute.

    • Render therefore to all their dues: tribute to whom tribute is due; custom to whom custom; fear to whom fear; honour to whom honour.

customadj/ˈkʌstəm/

  • 1

    Made or done in a way adjusted to fit the needs of a particular person or group (e.g., customer, health care patient, do-it-yourselfer), and thus specialized and, in some cases, unique.

    • Near-synonyms: custom-made, tailored, tailor-made, custom-built, purpose-built; see also Thesaurus:custom-made
    • My feet are very large, so I need custom shoes, specially made by a custom tailor.
  • 2

    Own, personal, not standard or premade.

    • We can embroider a wide range of ready designs or a custom logo.
  • 3

    agriculturebusinesslifestyleDone on a for-hire basis, as contrasted with being done only for oneself.

    • custom threshing
    • custom baling
  • 4

    archaicAccustomed; usual.

customverb/ˈkʌstəm/

  • 1

    obsoleteTo make familiar; to accustom.

    • a. 1771 (written, published posthumously) Thomas Gray, Agrippina Have not forgot your sire; the eye of Rome And the Prætorian camp have long revered, With customed awe the daughter, sister, wife, And mother of their Cæsars
  • 2

    obsoleteTo supply with customers.

    • But yet a man might reply, that if a Shooemaker ſhould haue no Shooes in his Shoppe, but onely worke, as hee is beſpoken, hee ſhould bee weakley cuſtomed.
  • 3

    obsoleteTo pay the customs of.

    • Barabas, thy ships are safe, Riding in Malta Rhode; and all the merchants With other merchandize are safe arriv'd, And have sent me to know whether yourself Will come and custom them.
  • 4

    obsoleteTo have a custom.

    • For on a Bridge he cuſtometh to fight, / Which is but narrow, but exceeding long; / And in the ſame are many trap fals pight, / Through which the rider downe doth fall through ouerſight.

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。