邊境上照慣例要繳的那一關
這一支不是比喻,而是歷史上的直線延伸:貨物進出境「照慣例」要繳一筆錢,那筆錢後來就叫 customs,再變成收錢的單位和你提著行李走過的那個大廳。
border checkpoint · noun · B1
The place at a border or airport where officers check your bags for things that are not allowed into a country.
海關
Picture something done so many times that nobody asks why any more — the way a village always does a wedding, the way you always take the same seat. The word names the settled practice itself, and English then follows that practice outward: the toll customarily paid at the border, the shop you buy from, the order made specially for that regular buyer.
Etymonline traces custom to Old French costume and Latin consuetudinem 'habit, usage, practice, tradition', and records that the sense of a 'regular' toll or tax on goods is already there in the early 14th century — the border payment was named as the customary due, which is how today's plural customs (the office, the hall at the airport) grew out of the habit sense.
Etymonline 記載 custom 來自古法文 costume、拉丁文 consuetudinem,意思是「習慣、慣常的做法、傳統」;而「貨物上照例要繳的稅」這個意思早在十四世紀初就有了。也就是說,海關那一支不是比喻,而是從「照慣例要繳的那筆錢」直接長出來的——先有慣例,才有這筆稅,最後才有收這筆稅的單位和機場那個大廳。
Etymonline, entry "custom" (etymonline.com/word/custom)
From the picture
邊境上照慣例要繳的那一關
這一支不是比喻,而是歷史上的直線延伸:貨物進出境「照慣例」要繳一筆錢,那筆錢後來就叫 customs,再變成收錢的單位和你提著行李走過的那個大廳。
border checkpoint · noun · B1
The place at a border or airport where officers check your bags for things that are not allowed into a country.
海關
習慣往來的那筆生意
把「習慣性地重複」放到買賣上:同一個客人一直上同一家店。customer(顧客)就是從這裡來的,指的正是「習慣來的人」。
regular shop business · noun · B1
The business a shop gets from people who buy there regularly.
惠顧 / 生意
traditional practice · noun · B1
Something that people in a group or country have done for a long time because it is their tradition.
習俗 / 風俗
personal habit · noun · B1
Something one person usually does, especially at a certain time or in a certain situation.
習慣 / 慣例
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
customnoun/ˈkʌstəm/
Frequent repetition of the same behavior; way of behavior common to many; ordinary manner; habitual practice; method of doing, living or behaving.
Habitual buying of goods from one same vendor.
Habitual buying of goods from one same vendor.
lawLong-established practice, considered as unwritten law, and resting for authority on long consent. Compare prescription.
Traditional beliefs or rituals.
A custom (made-to-order) piece of art, etc.
obsoleteFamiliar acquaintance; familiarity.
archaicToll, tax, or tribute.
customadj/ˈkʌstəm/
Made or done in a way adjusted to fit the needs of a particular person or group (e.g., customer, health care patient, do-it-yourselfer), and thus specialized and, in some cases, unique.
Own, personal, not standard or premade.
agriculturebusinesslifestyleDone on a for-hire basis, as contrasted with being done only for oneself.
archaicAccustomed; usual.
customverb/ˈkʌstəm/
obsoleteTo make familiar; to accustom.
obsoleteTo supply with customers.
obsoleteTo pay the customs of.
obsoleteTo have a custom.
資料來源:英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary(CC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。