核心畫面

You can picture complex as many threads woven and braided together into one thing — so many strands crossing each other that you can't easily pull them apart. From that one image come both the adjective (hard to understand, full of parts) and the noun (a whole made of many connected pieces).

可以想成很多條線被「編、纏」在一起,纏成一整團——線太多、交錯太密,你沒辦法輕鬆把它們一條條拆開。形容詞那邊(很難懂更多收起可以想成很多條線被「編、纏」在一起,纏成一整團——線太多、交錯太密,你沒辦法輕鬆把它們一條條拆開。形容詞那邊(很難懂、由很多互相牽連的部分組成)和名詞那邊(由很多相連的東西組成的一整體),都是從這個「纏在一起」的畫面長出來的。

From the word’s history

From Latin complexus, past participle of complecti 'to encircle, embrace', from com- 'together' + plectere 'to weave, braid, twine'. So at root, something complex is literally 'woven together' — the modern 'made of many interlinked parts' sense keeps that picture exactly.

源自拉丁文 complexus(complecti「環抱、纏繞」的過去分詞),com-「一起」+ plectere「編、纏、繞」。所以 complex 字根上就是「被編纏在一起」——現代「由很多互相牽連的部分組成」這個意思,正好把這個畫面原封不動留了下來。

etymonline.com/word/complex

Two branches

纏在一起、難拆開(形容詞)

形容詞直接用「纏在一起」這個畫面:因為線太多又交錯,所以又難懂、又互相牽連。

complicated · adjective · B2

Made of many different parts, and often hard to understand.

複雜的

由很多部分組成的一整體(名詞)

名詞把「纏在一起」這個畫面具體化成「一團相連的東西」:可能是相連的建築,可能是相連的事物,也可能是心裡相連的一團情緒。

building complex · noun · B2

A group of buildings, or one large building with many parts, that are all put up and used for the same main purpose.

建築群、綜合大樓

原始詞典資料19 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

complexadj/ˈkɒmplɛks/

  • 1

    Made up of multiple parts; composite; not simple.

    • a complex being; a complex idea
    • The human body is a complex system made up of many layers.
  • 2

    Not simple, easy, or straightforward; complicated.

    • If, when the actual motions of the heavens are calculated in the best possible way, the process is complex and difficult, and if we are discontented at this, nature, and not the astronomer, must be the object of our displeasure.
  • 3

    mathematicssciencesHaving the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is (by definition) the imaginary square root of −1.

    • complex number
    • function of a complex variable
  • 4

    mathematical-analysismathematicssciencesWhose range is a subset of the complex numbers.

    • complex function
  • 5

    algebramathematicssciencesWhose coefficients are complex numbers; defined over the field of complex numbers.

    • complex polynomial
    • complex algebraic variety
  • 6

    geometrymathematicssciencesA curve, polygon or other figure that crosses or intersects itself.

complexnoun/ˈkɒmplɛks/

  • 1

    A network of interconnected systems.

    • military–industrial complex
  • 2

    A collection of buildings with a common purpose, such as a university or military base.

    • The south polar region of Promethei Planum developed a Bermuda Triangle reputation. Satellites detected intermittent mass concentrations and magnetic field shifts. In 2148, prospectors working near Deseado Crater discovered an underground complex: a Prothean observation post. The odd phenomena were generated by the operation and discharge of a mass effect core, struggling to function despite fifty millennia of neglect.
    • A man at the complex said he had seen the often heavily made-up girls coming and going in luxury vehicles.
  • 3

    An assemblage of related things; a collection.

    • This parable of the wedding supper comprehends in it the whole complex of all the blessings and privileges exhibited by the gospel.
  • 4

    An assemblage of related things; a collection.

  • 5

    An assemblage of related things; a collection.

    • The fire complex began as two separate fires.
    • As of early Wednesday, there were at least 25 major wildfires and fire complexes, the term given to multiple fires in a single geographic area, burning in California, Christine McMorrow, a Cal Fire information officer, said.
  • 6

    biologynatural-sciencestaxonomyAn assemblage of related things; a collection.

    • Since then, a good deal of research has documented and concluded that the nominal species A. fraterculus actually comprises an unresolved complex of cryptic species.
  • 7

    human-sciencespsychologysciencesA group of emotionally charged ideas or mental factors, unconsciously associated by the individual with a particular subject, arising from repressed instincts, fears, or desires and often resulting in mental abnormality.

    • Jim has a real complex about working for a woman boss.
  • 8

    human-sciencespsychologysciencesA group of emotionally charged ideas or mental factors, unconsciously associated by the individual with a particular subject, arising from repressed instincts, fears, or desires and often resulting in mental abnormality.

另外 3 個記錄的用法
  • 9

    chemistrynatural-sciencesphysical-sciencesA structure consisting of a central atom or molecule weakly connected to surrounding atoms or molecules, as for example coordination compounds in inorganic chemistry and protein complexes in biochemistry.

    • Oxygen levels on Earth skyrocketed 2.4 billion years ago, when cyanobacteria evolved photosynthesis:[…]. The evolutionary precursor of photosynthesis is still under debate, and a new study sheds light. The critical component of the photosynthetic system is the “water-oxidizing complex”, made up of manganese atoms and a calcium atom.
  • 10

    mathematicssciencesA complex number.

    • The interesting aspect here is that U₃ is irreducible, even though all irreps over the complexes are one-dimensional because ℤ₄ is abelian.
  • 11

    human-scienceslinguisticssciencesA multimorphemic word, one with several parts, one with affixes.

complexverb

  • 1

    chemistrynatural-sciencesphysical-sciencesTo form a complex with another substance.

  • 2

    To complicate.

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。