核心畫面
You can picture a single line of time or space with one fixed point on it; 'before' marks everything that sits on the earlier / nearer side of that point. Stand at one event, look back toward an earlier one, and the earlier one is 'before' — closer to the start, met first, reached first.
可以想成一條時間或空間的線,上面有一個被當作「基準」的點。before 指的就是落在這個基準點「比較早、比較前面」那…更多收起
可以想成一條時間或空間的線,上面有一個被當作「基準」的點。before 指的就是落在這個基準點「比較早、比較前面」那一側的東西。站在某個事件上往回看,先發生的那一個就是它的 before——更靠近起點、更先被遇到、更先被抵達。最基本的畫面比較像「排在某個參考點的前頭」,無論這個前頭指的是時間先後,還是位置先後。原始詞典資料15 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
beforeprep/bɪˈfɔː/
- 1
Earlier than (in time).
- I want this done before Monday.
- We made an odd party before the arrival of the Ten, particularly when the Celebrity dropped in for lunch or dinner.
- 2
In front of in space.
- He stood before me.
- We sat before the fire to warm ourselves.
- 3
In the presence of.
- He performed before the troops in North Africa.
- He spoke before a joint session of Congress.
- 4
Under consideration, judgment, authority of (someone).
- The case laid before the panel aroused nothing but ridicule.
- If a suit be begun before an archdeacon[…]
- 5
In store for, in the future of (someone).
- Your whole life is before you.
- The golden age[…]is before us.
- 6
In front of, according to a formal system of ordering items.
- In alphabetical order, "cat" comes before "dog", "canine" before feline".
- 7
At a higher or greater position than, in a ranking.
- An entrepreneur puts market share and profit before quality, and amateur intrinsic qualities before economical considerations.
- He that cometh after me is preferred before me.
beforeadv/bɪˈfɔː/
- 1
At an earlier time.
- I've never done this before.
- This achievement far exceeded anything that had come before.
- 2
literaryIn advance in position or sequence; ahead.
- We walked behind while they went before.
- 3
At the front end.
- When people call this beast to mind, They marvel more and more At such a little tail behind, So LARGE a trunk before.
beforeconj/bɪˈfɔː/
- 1
In advance of the time when.
- Near-synonym: no later than
- Brush your teeth before you go to bed.
- 2
informalRather or sooner than.
- I'll die before I('ll) tell you anything about it.
beforenoun/bɪˈfɔː/
- 1
Of before-and-after images: the one that shows the difference before a specified treatment.
- On the left of the double column of photographs are the “befores.” Look at them! Fine boys all, yet here is an unformed mouth; there, a fine face just missing strength by a slight over-plumpness of feature; below, a clever face just a shade too “smart”; on the next page, a form too slight and beginning to stoop. On the right are the “afters.”
- I told them that I was taking part in a ‘Before and After’ feature for the magazine. The beauty editor had picked a couple of girls in the office to experiment on. ‘I always think that the befores look better than the afters in that kind of experiment,’ Aunt G said.
- 2
That which occurred or existed previously.
- As all are commanded to yield like the mummy when the dung beetle rolls the sun / before all the befores of the trillion nights past night and day / though I knew that the broken receding mouth of the Sphinx had nothing to add / of resurrection in the history of its grimace.
- Your music has lasted since the beginning of the world. A stone was born in the waters. […] Voice rising to heaven, pure music, green primal root, mother-sea, before all the befores.
- 3
rareA previous form or instance.
- A big wind blew all their befores away. Impacted teeth grew over their names. Even the lines in their hands unraveled, these are the lines they stand in to ask for their hands back.
- I guess I should have known from all the befores / that when it’s all said and done / I don’t want to be / I won’t stand to be / I refuse to be / anything but YOURS
資料來源:英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary(CC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。