遭人加害
最典型的畫面：有個明確的加害者，把傷害加在人身上。
person harmed · noun · B2
A person who has been hurt, robbed, or badly treated by someone else.
受害者
核心畫面
Picture the one on the receiving end of a blow — the person to whom something bad is done, who takes the harm and suffers it, usually not by their own choice.
可以想成挨了那一下的人——事情是『被加在他身上』的，他承受了傷害、吃了苦，而且多半不是自己選的。
From the word’s history
From Latin victima, the animal offered up in sacrifice — the one given over to take the blow for others. That image of 'the one to whom something is done' still sits under every modern sense.
源自拉丁文 victima——獻祭時被獻上的那頭牲畜，替眾人挨下那一刀、被交出去的一方。這個『被動承受、被施加於身』的畫面，至今仍墊在每一個現代用法底下。
etymonline.com/word/victim (Latin victima 'sacrificial animal')
Five branches
受病痛與處境所苦
這一支沒有壞人，傷害來自疾病、意外或大環境；連被自己的成功反噬也算——承受的一方仍是那個挨下後果的人。
sufferer of illness/accident · noun · B2
A person who suffers because of an illness, accident, or a bad situation they did not cause.
受災者／受苦的人
慣用語 fall victim to
把核心動詞化的固定講法：fall victim to 就是『落入…的傷害之中』，對象可以是人、疾病，也可以是難以對抗的處境。
fall victim to (be harmed or catch an illness) · noun · B2
To be harmed by someone, or to catch a serious illness (used in the phrase 'fall victim to').
遭受／罹患（fall victim to）
祭品（原義·獨立字源）
這是最貼近拉丁原義的一支：古代儀式中獻給神明的人或動物。它不是從現代『受害者』引申來的，反而正是那個源頭本身。
sacrificial victim · noun · B2
A person or animal offered as a gift to a god in old ceremonies (used as 'sacrificial victim').
祭品／犧牲
fashion victim（被流行反噬）
一個帶玩笑的現代說法：把盲目追最新流行的人，說成被流行『害到』的人，彷彿他是獻給潮流的一頭牲口。
fashion victim · noun · B2
Someone who always wears the very latest fashion, even when it does not suit them (used as 'fashion victim').
流行的受害者
原始詞典資料8 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
victimnoun/ˈvɪktɪm/
- 1
One that is harmed—killed, injured, subjected to oppression, deceit, or otherwise adversely affected—by someone or something, especially another person or event, force, or condition; in particular
- The victim of the robbery gave a detailed statement.
- crime victim
- 2
One that is harmed—killed, injured, subjected to oppression, deceit, or otherwise adversely affected—by someone or something, especially another person or event, force, or condition; in particular:
- victims of assault; the murderer's victims
- became another victim of the latest scam
- 3
One that is harmed—killed, injured, subjected to oppression, deceit, or otherwise adversely affected—by someone or something, especially another person or event, force, or condition; in particular:
- a fundraiser for victims of AIDS; a victim of a car crash
- “I don't mean all of your friends—only a small proportion—which, however, connects your circle with that deadly, idle, brainless bunch—the insolent chatterers at the opera,[…]the speed-mad fugitives from the furies of ennui, the neurotic victims of mental cirrhosis, […] !”
- 4
One that is harmed—killed, injured, subjected to oppression, deceit, or otherwise adversely affected—by someone or something, especially another person or event, force, or condition; in particular:
- a victim of his own pride; a victim of her own incompetence
- the newcomer never managed to make friends, a victim of the town's deep distrust of outsiders
- 5
One that is harmed—killed, injured, subjected to oppression, deceit, or otherwise adversely affected—by someone or something, especially another person or event, force, or condition; in particular:
- relief efforts to help victims of the hurricane
- victim of an optical illusion; victim of a string of bad luck
- 6
A living being which is slain and offered as a sacrifice, usually in a religious rite.
- 7
ChristianityA living being which is slain and offered as a sacrifice, usually in a religious rite.
victimverb/ˈvɪktɪm/
- 1
rareTo make (something) a victim (especially of a ritual sacrifice); to victimize.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。