違法的人
越過的那條線是法律，於是「犯線的人」就是法律上的違法者。
offender, criminal · noun · B1
Someone who has broken the law and is guilty of a crime. The word is used especially in news reports and by courts, police, and lawyers.
違法者；犯法的人
核心畫面
The one who did the wrong thing. Point at a line that should not be crossed — a law, a rule — and then point at whoever crossed it: that person is the offender. The word does not describe what they are like; it only marks them as the source of the wrong.
有一條不該越過的線，而 offender 就是「越過那條線的那一個」。你先指出線在哪裡（法律、規定），再把手指移到犯…更多收起
有一條不該越過的線，而 offender 就是「越過那條線的那一個」。你先指出線在哪裡（法律、規定），再把手指移到犯線的人身上——這個字做的就是這個動作。它不描述那個人的性格，只標記出「錯是從他這裡來的」。也因為只是在指認來源，所以它很容易從人身上滑到東西身上：真正該負責的那一個。Two branches
造成問題的元凶
同樣是「指認犯線的那一個」，但線從法律換成了「不該造成的壞結果」，被指認的對象也從人擴大到事物。
main cause (of a problem) · noun · B2
Someone or something that causes a bad situation, especially the one that causes most of the trouble. It is often used about things, not people, in phrases like the worst offender.
元凶；罪魁禍首
原始詞典資料2 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
offendernoun/əˈfen.də(ɹ)/
- 1
One who gives or causes offense, or does something wrong.
- Almost all down trains are late, however; the empty wagon trains are probably the worst offenders and one or two hours' late running by them is not unusual.
- 2
A person who commits an offense against the law, a lawbreaker.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。