色情毒品犯罪
把「道德上的惡」收窄到法律和警察的用語：社會認定最敗壞的那類勾當——色情與毒品——被專門叫做 vice。
sex or drug crime · noun · C2
Crime that involves illegal sex or drugs.
罪惡活動（涉及色情或毒品）
這個拼法底下其實是2個不同的字，意思沒有關係， 只是長得一樣。下面分開列出來。跳到 moral failing · clamping tool
1
vice
n核心畫面
You can think of vice as a flaw in someone's character — a place where a person falls short of being good, the opposite of a virtue. From this one idea of 'a bad spot in someone' the senses spread out: a small personal weakness when said lightly, and organised around sex and drugs when said by the law.
可以想成 vice 是品格上的一個瑕疵——一個人不夠好的那一塊，正好和 virtue（美德）相反。從「人身上的壞點」…更多收起
可以想成 vice 是品格上的一個瑕疵——一個人不夠好的那一塊，正好和 virtue（美德）相反。從「人身上的壞點」這個核心，意思往外散開：講得輕鬆時是個人的小毛病，講得嚴肅、由法律來說時，就是和色情、毒品有關的罪惡勾當。From the word’s history
From Old French 'vice' (fault, failing, defect), from Latin 'vitium' meaning a defect, blemish or imperfection — used for both physical flaws and moral ones. The core 'a flaw, a bad spot' sits right under the modern meaning.
源自古法語 vice（過失、缺陷），再往上是拉丁語 vitium，意思是瑕疵、缺點、不完美，既能指實體的瑕疵也能指道德的缺陷。「一個瑕疵、一個壞掉的點」這個核心，正好托住了現代的用法。
etymonline.com/word/vice; Wiktionary 'vitium'
From the picture
Also in this word
moral failing · noun · C2
A bad quality in someone's character, or bad behaviour in general; the opposite of virtue.
惡；惡行
bad habit · noun · C2
A bad habit that you have, often said in a light or joking way.
小毛病；不良嗜好
A second word, same spelling
2
vice
n核心畫面
Picture a heavy bench tool with two flat jaws that you screw shut to grip a piece of wood or metal tightly so it can't move while you saw or file it. This is a completely separate word from the 'moral fault' vice — it just happens to be spelled the same.
可以想成一個裝在工作檯上的重工具，有兩片平平的鉗口，轉動螺絲就把它們夾緊，牢牢咬住一塊木頭或金屬，讓它在你鋸、銼的時…更多收起
可以想成一個裝在工作檯上的重工具，有兩片平平的鉗口，轉動螺絲就把它們夾緊，牢牢咬住一塊木頭或金屬，讓它在你鋸、銼的時候動不了。這個字和「道德之惡」的 vice 其實是完全不同的兩個字，只是剛好拼法一樣。From the word’s history
From Old French 'vis' (screw), from Latin 'vitis' (vine) — named for the spiral, twisting motion of the screw that closes the jaws. A different root entirely from the 'fault' vice (Latin 'vitium'); American English spells this one 'vise'.
源自古法語 vis（螺絲），再往上是拉丁語 vitis（葡萄藤），取的是螺絲那種像藤蔓一樣盤旋扭轉、把鉗口轉緊的動作。它和「惡行」的 vice（拉丁語 vitium）來自完全不同的字根；美式英語把這個工具拼成 vise。
etymonline.com/word/vice; Merriam-Webster 'vise and vice'
原始詞典資料13 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
Vicename
- 1
A surname.
vicenoun詞源 1/vaɪs/
- 1
Bad or immoral behaviour. (Especially often, a habit that harms oneself or others)
- Pride is a vice, not a virtue.
- Smoking was a vice Sally picked up in high school.
- 2
lawAny of various crimes related (depending on jurisdiction) to weapons, prostitution, pornography, gambling, alcohol, tobacco, or drugs.
- 3
A defect in the temper or behaviour of a horse, such as to make the animal dangerous, to injure its health, or to diminish its usefulness.
- So a horse with say, navicular disease, making him suitable only for light hacking, would probably be unsound, whereas rearing would be a vice, being a "defect in the temper... making it dangerous". A vice can however render a horse unsound - possibly a crib biter will damage its wind.
vicenoun詞源 2/vaɪs/
- 1
A tool for drawing lead into cames, or flat grooved rods, for casements.
- 2
architectureA winding or spiral staircase.
- 3
obsoleteA grip or grasp.
- Fang. If I but fiſt him once: if he come but within my Vice.
viceadj詞源 3/vaɪs/
- 1
in place of; subordinate to; designating a person below another in rank
- vice president
- vice admiral
viceprep詞源 3/vaɪs/
- 1
datedInstead of; in place of; versus.
- He was gardener and out-door man, vice Upton, resigned.
- A very small cab-boy, vice Stoopid retired, swung on behind Foker's vehicle; knock-kneed and in the tightest leather breeches.
vicenoun詞源 3/vaɪs/
- 1
One who acts in place of a superior.
- c. 1850s-1870s, Edward Minister and Son, The Gazette of Fashion and Cutting-Room Companion The health of the Vice was proposed in appropriate language; in replying, Mr. Marriott thanked the company […]
這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形：
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。