- 1a/ˈvɜːrtɪkəl/ · /ˈvɜːtɪkəl/upright, at 90 degrees垂直的
Pointing straight up and down, so that it makes an angle of 90 degrees with a flat surface like the ground or the bottom of a page.
英文 vertical 指的是「跟地面成 90 度、直直上下」的方向。它跟 horizontal(水平、左右躺平)是一組對照,兩個字常常一起出現,例如圖表的 vertical axis(縱軸)和 horizontal axis(橫軸)。可以想成一根站得直挺挺的柱子,或是一面直落而下的懸崖。
示範例句 · Example
Mei drew a vertical line down the middle of the paper to split it in two.
中文翻譯美畫了一條垂直的線往下穿過紙的中間,來把它分成兩半。
常見搭配
a vertical line
一條直線(縱線)
a line that goes straight up and down
Draw a vertical line to divide the two columns.
the vertical axis
縱軸
the up-and-down line on a graph
Temperature is shown on the vertical axis.
vertical stripes
直條紋
lines of colour running up and down a cloth or surface
He wore a shirt with blue and white vertical stripes.
a vertical drop
垂直落差
a fall straight down from a high place
The ride ends with a vertical drop of thirty metres.
almost vertical
幾乎垂直的
very steep, close to 90 degrees
The path became almost vertical near the top.
意思相近
uprightperpendicularerectstraight-up
意思相反
horizontalflatlevelsloping
- 2n/ˈvɜːrtɪkəl/ · /ˈvɜːtɪkəl/the vertical (direction)垂直線/垂直方向
正式The up-and-down direction itself, used as a fixed line to measure against; almost always written as 'the vertical'.
這個 vertical 是名詞,指的不是某個東西,而是「上下這個方向本身」,被當成一把尺來量角度。所以幾乎一定寫成 the vertical,例如 lean 15 degrees from the vertical(跟垂直方向差 15 度)。可以想成空中有一條看不見的鉛垂線,其他東西都拿它來比。
常見搭配
from the vertical
與垂直方向相差(幾度)
measured away from a straight up-and-down line
The mast tilted ten degrees from the vertical.
out of the vertical
偏離垂直、歪掉
not standing straight up any more
Heavy rain pushed the fence out of the vertical.
true to the vertical
完全對齊垂直方向
exactly straight up and down
Every column was true to the vertical.
意思相近
uprightplumb lineperpendicular
意思相反
- 3a/ˈvɜːrtɪkəl/ · /ˈvɜːtɪkəl/organized in levels層級式的/上下垂直的
正式Organized in levels, with a top, a middle and a bottom, so that people or parts are placed above and below each other rather than side by side.
這個 vertical 講的是組織的形狀:一層在另一層上面,訊息和命令沿著上下走。可以想成把「直上直下」的畫面搬到公司裡——老闆在上、員工在下。相對的 horizontal 指同一層的人平行合作。
常見搭配
vertical integration
垂直整合
when one company owns the different stages of making and selling a product
Vertical integration let the brand control everything from the farm to the shop.
a vertical structure
層級式結構
an organization arranged in levels of authority
Older banks tend to have a vertical structure.
vertical communication
上下層級間的溝通
messages that travel up and down between levels
Vertical communication was slow, so news reached the staff late.
a vertical market
垂直市場(單一產業市場)
a market made up of one particular industry
The software was built for a vertical market: hospitals.
意思相近
hierarchicaltop-downlayeredtiered
原始詞典資料13 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,摘錄並精簡格式,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
verticaladj/ˈvɜː.tɪ.kəl/
- 1
Standing, pointing, or moving straight up or down; parallel to the local direction of gravity; along the direction of a plumb line; perpendicular to something horizontal.
- vertical lines
- The Zebra moray is chocolate black with vertical white stripes.
- 2
In a two-dimensional Cartesian co-ordinate system, describing the axis y oriented normal (perpendicular, at right angles) to the horizontal axis x.
- 3
In a three-dimensional co-ordinate system, describing the axis z oriented normal (perpendicular, orthogonal) to the basic plane xy.
- 4
businessmarketingOf or pertaining to vertical markets.
- 5
Involving different vintages of the same wine type from the same winery.
- 6
entertainmentlifestylemusicOf an interval: having the two notes sound simultaneously.
verticalnoun/ˈvɜː.tɪ.kəl/
- 1
A vertex or zenith.
- 2
A vertical geometrical figure; a perpendicular.
- 3
An individual slat in a set of vertical blinds.
- 4
A vertical component of a structure.
- 5
businessmarketingA vertical market.
- We offer specialised accounting software targeting various verticals.
- As Barclay Capital's Douglas Anmuth wrote in a report on Friday morning, Google's "core search growth" is slowing, so there may now be a "greater urgency in pursuing specific verticals". So, what other specialised areas could Google target?
- 6
governmentpoliticsA command structure for exertion of political power.
- Russian opposition outlet Vazhnye Istorii reported on August 19 that Russian President Vladimir Putin's reaction to the "Kursk situation" has exposed certain shifts within the Kremlin's power vertical, many of which have been underway over the last several months ... Russian investigative journalist Andrei Soldatov noted that the FSB has generally shifted its mandate away from controlling Russian oligarchs and towards controlling Russia’s military and Russia’s military-industrial complex as well as countering "saboteurs and terrorists," and Vazhnye Istorii reported that several long-time Russian economic oligarchs are also gradually losing their influence within the Kremlin's wider power vertical ... ISW has reported at length on Putin's efforts to maintain a core cadre of loyal siloviki (Russian strongmen with political influence) within the Russian power vertical, particularly since the risks to Putin's regime first introduced by the Wagner Group's armed rebellion in June 2023.
- 7
journalismmediaA segment in a news publication that contains in-depth pieces focused on a specific topic.
- Near-synonym: column
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary,已精簡格式;依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用,改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。