1. 1a/ˈvɜːrtɪkəl/ · /ˈvɜːtɪkəl/upright, at 90 degrees垂直的

    Pointing straight up and down, so that it makes an angle of 90 degrees with a flat surface like the ground or the bottom of a page.

    英文 vertical 指的是「跟地面成 90 度、直直上下」的方向。它跟 horizontal(水平、左右躺平)是一組對照,兩個字常常一起出現,例如圖表的 vertical axis(縱軸)和 horizontal axis(橫軸)。可以想成一根站得直挺挺的柱子,或是一面直落而下的懸崖。

    示範例句 · Example

    Mei drew a vertical line down the middle of the paper to split it in two.

    中文翻譯美畫了一條垂直的線往下穿過紙的中間,來把它分成兩半。

    常見搭配

    • a vertical line

      一條直線(縱線)

      a line that goes straight up and down

      Draw a vertical line to divide the two columns.

    • the vertical axis

      縱軸

      the up-and-down line on a graph

      Temperature is shown on the vertical axis.

    • vertical stripes

      直條紋

      lines of colour running up and down a cloth or surface

      He wore a shirt with blue and white vertical stripes.

    • a vertical drop

      垂直落差

      a fall straight down from a high place

      The ride ends with a vertical drop of thirty metres.

    • almost vertical

      幾乎垂直的

      very steep, close to 90 degrees

      The path became almost vertical near the top.

    意思相近

    uprightperpendicularerectstraight-up

    用法接近

    steepsheerupward

    意思相反

    horizontalflatlevelsloping

  2. 2n/ˈvɜːrtɪkəl/ · /ˈvɜːtɪkəl/the vertical (direction)垂直線/垂直方向

    正式The up-and-down direction itself, used as a fixed line to measure against; almost always written as 'the vertical'.

    這個 vertical 是名詞,指的不是某個東西,而是「上下這個方向本身」,被當成一把尺來量角度。所以幾乎一定寫成 the vertical,例如 lean 15 degrees from the vertical(跟垂直方向差 15 度)。可以想成空中有一條看不見的鉛垂線,其他東西都拿它來比。

    常見搭配

    • from the vertical

      與垂直方向相差(幾度)

      measured away from a straight up-and-down line

      The mast tilted ten degrees from the vertical.

    • out of the vertical

      偏離垂直、歪掉

      not standing straight up any more

      Heavy rain pushed the fence out of the vertical.

    • true to the vertical

      完全對齊垂直方向

      exactly straight up and down

      Every column was true to the vertical.

    意思相近

    uprightplumb lineperpendicular

    用法接近

    axisangleincline

    意思相反

    horizontal

  3. 3a/ˈvɜːrtɪkəl/ · /ˈvɜːtɪkəl/organized in levels層級式的/上下垂直的

    正式Organized in levels, with a top, a middle and a bottom, so that people or parts are placed above and below each other rather than side by side.

    這個 vertical 講的是組織的形狀:一層在另一層上面,訊息和命令沿著上下走。可以想成把「直上直下」的畫面搬到公司裡——老闆在上、員工在下。相對的 horizontal 指同一層的人平行合作。

    常見搭配

    • vertical integration

      垂直整合

      when one company owns the different stages of making and selling a product

      Vertical integration let the brand control everything from the farm to the shop.

    • a vertical structure

      層級式結構

      an organization arranged in levels of authority

      Older banks tend to have a vertical structure.

    • vertical communication

      上下層級間的溝通

      messages that travel up and down between levels

      Vertical communication was slow, so news reached the staff late.

    • a vertical market

      垂直市場(單一產業市場)

      a market made up of one particular industry

      The software was built for a vertical market: hospitals.

    意思相近

    hierarchicaltop-downlayeredtiered

    用法接近

    structurechain of commandlevel

原始詞典資料13 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,摘錄並精簡格式,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

verticaladj/ˈvɜː.tɪ.kəl/

  • 1

    Standing, pointing, or moving straight up or down; parallel to the local direction of gravity; along the direction of a plumb line; perpendicular to something horizontal.

    • vertical lines
    • The Zebra moray is chocolate black with vertical white stripes.
  • 2

    In a two-dimensional Cartesian co-ordinate system, describing the axis y oriented normal (perpendicular, at right angles) to the horizontal axis x.

  • 3

    In a three-dimensional co-ordinate system, describing the axis z oriented normal (perpendicular, orthogonal) to the basic plane xy.

  • 4

    businessmarketingOf or pertaining to vertical markets.

  • 5

    Involving different vintages of the same wine type from the same winery.

  • 6

    entertainmentlifestylemusicOf an interval: having the two notes sound simultaneously.

verticalnoun/ˈvɜː.tɪ.kəl/

  • 1

    A vertex or zenith.

  • 2

    A vertical geometrical figure; a perpendicular.

  • 3

    An individual slat in a set of vertical blinds.

  • 4

    A vertical component of a structure.

  • 5

    businessmarketingA vertical market.

    • We offer specialised accounting software targeting various verticals.
    • As Barclay Capital's Douglas Anmuth wrote in a report on Friday morning, Google's "core search growth" is slowing, so there may now be a "greater urgency in pursuing specific verticals". So, what other specialised areas could Google target?
  • 6

    governmentpoliticsA command structure for exertion of political power.

    • Russian opposition outlet Vazhnye Istorii reported on August 19 that Russian President Vladimir Putin's reaction to the "Kursk situation" has exposed certain shifts within the Kremlin's power vertical, many of which have been underway over the last several months ... Russian investigative journalist Andrei Soldatov noted that the FSB has generally shifted its mandate away from controlling Russian oligarchs and towards controlling Russia’s military and Russia’s military-industrial complex as well as countering "saboteurs and terrorists," and Vazhnye Istorii reported that several long-time Russian economic oligarchs are also gradually losing their influence within the Kremlin's wider power vertical ... ISW has reported at length on Putin's efforts to maintain a core cadre of loyal siloviki (Russian strongmen with political influence) within the Russian power vertical, particularly since the risks to Putin's regime first introduced by the Wagner Group's armed rebellion in June 2023.
  • 7

    journalismmediaA segment in a news publication that contains in-depth pieces focused on a specific topic.

    • Near-synonym: column

摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary,已精簡格式;依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用,改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。