1. 1
    aB2

    /ˈtrænsətɪv/

    Used about a verb that must have an object after it — the action needs something or someone to happen to, like 'break' in 'I broke the cup'.

    及物的

    例句逐字對照、搭配詞、易混淆字

    這一義的完整解析還沒打開。訂閱後可以看到例句怎麼拆、常跟哪些字一起出現, 以及容易跟它搞混的字。

    看看訂閱內容

核心畫面

A useful picture: the action does not stay with the person doing it — it travels across and lands on something else. 'I broke' leaves you waiting: broke what? The verb is reaching out for a target, and the sentence is not finished until it finds one: 'I broke the cup.'

動作不會停在做的人身上,而是往外跑、落到另一個東西上。你聽到 I broke,心裡會懸著——打破什麼?這個動詞伸著手更多收起動作不會停在做的人身上,而是往外跑、落到另一個東西上。你聽到 I broke,心裡會懸著——打破什麼?這個動詞伸著手在找對象,句子要等到接住東西才算完整:I broke the cup。中文文法書叫它「及物」,那個「及」字剛好抓到重點:動作要碰得到一個對象。相對的 sleep、arrive 就不用,說 I slept 就講完了。

From the word’s history

Latin 'transire' means to go across or pass over: 'trans-' (across) + 'ire' (to go). A transitive verb is one whose action passes across from the doer to the object it acts on.

這個字來自拉丁文 transire「越過、走過去」——由 trans-(橫越,跟 transport、translate 的 trans- 同一個)加上 ire(走)組成。所以 transitive 的字面意思就是「會走過去的」:動作從執行者身上越過去,落在受詞上。記住 trans- 這個部件,這個文法術語就不再只是要背的標籤,而是一幅圖。

Online Etymology Dictionary (etymonline.com), entry "transitive"

原始詞典資料8 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

transitiveadj/ˈtɹænzɪtɪv/

  • 1

    Making a transit or passage.

    • For all symbols are fluxional; all language is vehicular and transitive, and is good, as ferries and horses are, for conveyance, not as farms and houses are, for homestead.
  • 2

    Affected by transference of signification.

    • By far the greater part of the transitive or derivative applications of words depend on casual and unaccountable caprices of the feelings or the fancy.
  • 3

    grammarhuman-scienceslinguisticsTaking a direct object or objects.

    • The English verb "to notice" is a transitive verb, because we say things like "She noticed a problem".
    • Men have tried to turn "revolutionise" from a transitive to an intransitive verb.
  • 4

    mathematicssciencesset-theoryHaving the property that if an element a is related to b and b is related to c, then a is necessarily related to c.

    • "Is an ancestor of" is a transitive relation: if Alice is an ancestor of Bob, and Bob is an ancestor of Carol, then Alice is an ancestor of Carol.
  • 5

    algebramathematicssciencesSuch that, for any two elements of the acted-upon set, some group element maps the first to the second.

  • 6

    graph-theorymathematicssciencesSuch that, for any two vertices there exists an automorphism which maps one to the other.

  • 7

    mathematicsprobabilitysciencesOf a set of dice: not having the intransitive property.

transitivenoun/ˈtɹænzɪtɪv/

  • 1

    grammarhuman-scienceslinguisticsA transitive verb.

    • This means that subcategorization properties do not allow us to distinguish between transitives and intransitives (both types of verbs are allowed, but not obliged, to take a direct object).

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。