- 1aB2
/ˈtrænsətɪv/
Used about a verb that must have an object after it — the action needs something or someone to happen to, like 'break' in 'I broke the cup'.
及物的
核心畫面
A useful picture: the action does not stay with the person doing it — it travels across and lands on something else. 'I broke' leaves you waiting: broke what? The verb is reaching out for a target, and the sentence is not finished until it finds one: 'I broke the cup.'
動作不會停在做的人身上,而是往外跑、落到另一個東西上。你聽到 I broke,心裡會懸著——打破什麼?這個動詞伸著手…更多收起
動作不會停在做的人身上,而是往外跑、落到另一個東西上。你聽到 I broke,心裡會懸著——打破什麼?這個動詞伸著手在找對象,句子要等到接住東西才算完整:I broke the cup。中文文法書叫它「及物」,那個「及」字剛好抓到重點:動作要碰得到一個對象。相對的 sleep、arrive 就不用,說 I slept 就講完了。From the word’s history
Latin 'transire' means to go across or pass over: 'trans-' (across) + 'ire' (to go). A transitive verb is one whose action passes across from the doer to the object it acts on.
這個字來自拉丁文 transire「越過、走過去」——由 trans-(橫越,跟 transport、translate 的 trans- 同一個)加上 ire(走)組成。所以 transitive 的字面意思就是「會走過去的」:動作從執行者身上越過去,落在受詞上。記住 trans- 這個部件,這個文法術語就不再只是要背的標籤,而是一幅圖。
Online Etymology Dictionary (etymonline.com), entry "transitive"
原始詞典資料8 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
transitiveadj/ˈtɹænzɪtɪv/
- 1
Making a transit or passage.
- For all symbols are fluxional; all language is vehicular and transitive, and is good, as ferries and horses are, for conveyance, not as farms and houses are, for homestead.
- 2
Affected by transference of signification.
- By far the greater part of the transitive or derivative applications of words depend on casual and unaccountable caprices of the feelings or the fancy.
- 3
grammarhuman-scienceslinguisticsTaking a direct object or objects.
- The English verb "to notice" is a transitive verb, because we say things like "She noticed a problem".
- Men have tried to turn "revolutionise" from a transitive to an intransitive verb.
- 4
mathematicssciencesset-theoryHaving the property that if an element a is related to b and b is related to c, then a is necessarily related to c.
- "Is an ancestor of" is a transitive relation: if Alice is an ancestor of Bob, and Bob is an ancestor of Carol, then Alice is an ancestor of Carol.
- 5
algebramathematicssciencesSuch that, for any two elements of the acted-upon set, some group element maps the first to the second.
- 6
graph-theorymathematicssciencesSuch that, for any two vertices there exists an automorphism which maps one to the other.
- 7
mathematicsprobabilitysciencesOf a set of dice: not having the intransitive property.
transitivenoun/ˈtɹænzɪtɪv/
- 1
grammarhuman-scienceslinguisticsA transitive verb.
- This means that subcategorization properties do not allow us to distinguish between transitives and intransitives (both types of verbs are allowed, but not obliged, to take a direct object).
資料來源:英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary(CC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。