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The noun for the property of being transitive. In grammar, it means whether a verb takes an object or not — 'the transitivity of English verbs' is the whole question of which verbs need an object ('She made a cake'), which refuse one ('He arrived'), and which do both ('The window broke' / 'He broke the window'). Linguists use it as a fixed technical term; a language student will meet it in a textbook chapter title more often than in speech. In mathematics and logic it names a different but related property of a relation: a relation is transitive when it passes along a chain — 'is equal to' has transitivity, because if a = b and b = c then a = c; 'is the mother of' does not, because your mother's mother is not your mother. Computing borrows it again for dependencies that pull in further dependencies. All three uses share one picture: something that carries across from one item to the next.
(文法)及物性;(數學/邏輯)遞移性、傳遞性。台灣數學課本寫「遞移律」,語言學課本寫「及物性」——同一個英文字,兩個領域的中文說法完全不同,別互換。
組成transitive + -ity, an ending that turns an adjective into the name of a quality (as 'active' → 'activity'). Inside: trans- 'across' + -it- from Latin ire 'to go'. English took the word by way of French transitivité.
同家族的字
- transitivethe adjective this noun is built from
- transittrans- + ire 'go'
- transitiontrans- + ire 'go'
- activity-ity making a quality-noun from an adjective
原始詞典資料2 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
transitivitynoun/ˌtɹænzɪˈtɪvɪti/
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grammarhuman-scienceslinguisticsThe degree in which any one verb can take or govern objects.
- There are 3 cardinal degrees of transitivity of any one verb: intransitive, monotransitive and ditransitive.
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human-scienceslogicmathematicsThe property of being transitive.
- The hypothetical syllogism inference rule states the transitivity of implication.
資料來源:英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary(CC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。