核心畫面

One way to hold this word: something comes rushing out of an opening, fast, in a large amount, and it is not the kind of thing you want. A chimney, a broken pipe, a mountain, a mouth — the opening changes, the picture does not. Two feelings travel with it everywhere: too much at once, and not pleasant. That is why a factory spews smoke while a fountain simply sends up water, and why calling somebody's words spew is never kind.

可以想成:有東西從一個口子猛地衝出來,量很大,而且通常不是好東西。煙囪、破水管、火山、嘴巴——口子換了,畫面沒變。這更多收起可以想成:有東西從一個口子猛地衝出來,量很大,而且通常不是好東西。煙囪、破水管、火山、嘴巴——口子換了,畫面沒變。這個字走到哪裡都帶著兩種感覺。一是「一次來太多」。二是「不好看、不好聞、不想要」。所以工廠可以 spew smoke,公園的噴泉就不會這樣講。也因為這樣,把別人的話叫 spew,永遠是難聽的。

From the word’s history

Wiktionary traces spew to Old English spiwan, from Proto-Germanic and a Proto-Indo-European root meaning to spit or vomit, and notes English spit as a cognate. So the mouth came first: the general stream sense is the older bodily one widened out.

Wiktionary 記錄 spew 來自古英語 spīwan,再往上是「吐、啐」的印歐字根,並指出它跟英文 spit 同源。所以順序其實是這樣:先有嘴巴這一邊,後來才擴大到所有猛噴的東西。今天最常見的「大量噴出」是走得比較遠的那一支,而「吐」反而是它最早的工作。

Wiktionary (kaikki extract, spew): 'From Middle English spewen, from Old English spīwan ... from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ptyēw- (to spit, vomit)'; cognate with English spit.

Three branches

成流噴出的東西

這一組就是核心畫面本身:一個口子、一股急流、一堆不想要的東西。動詞講那個動作,名詞把那一下定格成畫面。

verb · B2

If something spews out, it pours out fast and in a large amount, in a way that usually looks messy or unpleasant; if a thing spews something, it pushes it out like that. It is used about smoke, fumes, water, ash and other stuff that comes rushing out.

噴出、湧出

話像噴出來一樣

把煙囪的畫面接到人身上:說話的人成了那根管子,噴出來的是話。核心畫面裡「量太大、東西不好」這兩點,原封不動被帶了過來。

verb · B2

To pour out a lot of angry, hateful, or worthless words very quickly, in speech or in writing, so that the words come in a stream that nobody can stop.

滔滔地噴出(惡言、廢話)

從胃裡吐出來

這一支的口子是嘴巴。按詞源它其實是這個字最早的工作,其他用法是從這裡擴出去的,所以它讀起來最直接、也最粗。

verb · B2

To bring food up out of your stomach and out through your mouth. It is a plain, informal word for vomit, used mostly in speech.

吐(口語)

原始詞典資料13 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

spewverb/spjuː/

  • 1

    To eject forcibly and in a stream.

    • But you get to the beach via monorail and you get to the sand and look out to the ocean and all you see is oil tankers and factories spewing smoke on the horizon. It was like some sort of futuristic dystopia.
  • 2

    To be forcibly ejected.

    • The blow is not as severe as those to his leg. It is meant only to break, not crush. Blood and internal fluids spew from his nose.
  • 3

    To speak or write quickly and voluminously, especially words that are not worth listening to or reading.

    • Set such a program running and it will continue to spew out sentences until you shut it down.
    • Outside of the basic reading, writing, and math skills, and having an idea of what's out there, they were just spewing useless information.
  • 4

    To be written or spoken voluminously.

    • The lies continued to spew forth.
  • 5

    informalTo vomit.

    • Bleeding gums an' no saliva can make your partner spew.
  • 6

    To ejaculate.

    • I rise at eleven, I dine about two, I get drunk before seven, and the next thing I do; I send for my whore, when for fear of a clap, I spend in her hand, and I spew in her lap
    • Inquiring minds may be wondering what could possibly cause the rev to behave in such a fashion, thereby diverting his attention away from such a holy task. Well, the answer lies deep. Not deep within his heart, mind, or soul. But deep inside his clammy right hand, which was clutching a handful of shiny black horse hair that had been woven into the back of Daphne's unsteady head. After the rev had spewed his load in Daphne's mouth, he reached down and picked up the Holy Bible,
  • 7

    To develop a white powder or dark crystals on the surface of finished leather, as a result from improper tanning.

    • The spewing or moulding of upper leather is something that causes considerable annoyance.
    • A manufacturer writes: We have had so much trouble with colored side leather and both colored and black cabrettas spewing within the past six or eight months that we are at our wits' end to overcome it. All of the tanners from whom we buy the stock contend that this is the best indication that all the animal fats have not been extracted from the leather.

spewnoun/spjuː/

  • 1

    slangVomit.

    • Just after you've din'd, take a dish that is large, And into it what you have eaten discharge; Then get all the rest that are at the table, to spew in the same as long as they're able; Let them strain very hard, 'till all is brought up, For the more spew there is, the better the soup;
    • Poor old Sedgwick had been chased around the rugger pitch by a lunatic in a car, and then seen his researcher covered in spew from a drunken student.
  • 2

    slangEjaculate or ejaculation.

    • Sea urchins, for example, release between ten and one hundred billion sperm with every ejaculation. That's two orders of magnitude more than the few hundred million sperm per spew an average human bloke can dish out.
  • 3

    Nonsense or lies.

    • First thing you gotta have is some sort of confounding unfounded prejudicial spew and contrived agenda aimed at humanity.
    • I came out with it: “What were you doing listening to her spew that spew, anyway?
  • 4

    Material that has been ejected in a stream, or the act of spewing.

    • He felt the flimsy canvas yield without a whisper, devoured by the roaring bull of the truck, and the whiskey bottles shattered in a spew of brownish chaos, asparkle with the light, blown this way and that by the big vehicle's velocity.
  • 5

    A white powder or dark crystals that appear on the surface of improperly tanned leather.

    • Most men familiar with the handling of leather must occasionally have come across samples showing a whitish scum, or spew, upon the surface.
    • Out of 70 leather samples, 15 developed heavy spew in two to six months.
  • 6

    Adhesive that is squeezed from a joint under pressure and held across the joint by a fillet, thereby strengthening the joint.

    • The spew is represented by a triangular fillet 0.5 mm high. It can be seen that, because of the predominance of the major principal stress, the adhesive at the ends of the adhesive layer and in the spew fillet is essentially subjected to a tensile load at about 45° to the axis of loading. The highest stresses occur within the spew at the corner of the unloaded adherend, the presence of the 90° corner introducing a stress-concentration effect.
    • For a spew corner configuration shown in Figure 2.2 with the adhasive modulus far smaller than the adherent modulus, the order of the stress singularity in the corner A and B can be obtained from the WIlliam's solution under plane strian condition, and it is given in Figure 2.3. It is clear that spew corner would be free of singulatirites when the fillet angle is less than a critical angle, which is dependent on the Poisson's ration of the adhesive.

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。