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Someone who is perfidious breaks a trust on purpose. This is not just 'bad' or 'dishonest' — the word needs a promise, a friendship, a side, an oath, something the person was supposed to be loyal to. A stranger who cheats you is not perfidious; a friend who cheats you is. That is the whole shape of the word: the betrayal comes from inside, from someone who was let in. It is a very formal, literary, old-fashioned word. You will meet it in novels, in history books ('the perfidious king'), in speeches, in a lawyer's angry letter — almost never in speaking. If a friend told you 'my ex was perfidious', you would smile, because it sounds like a stage play. In real speech people say 'he me', 'she stabbed me in the back', 'two-faced', 'disloyal'. It usually goes in front of a noun (a perfidious ally, perfidious behaviour) and it carries real moral anger — the writer is not describing, the writer is condemning. English speakers who know history often think of 'perfidious Albion', an old French insult for Britain, meaning a country that signs agreements and then quietly does the opposite. Things as well as people can be called perfidious in writing, but only things tied to a person's choices: a perfidious plan, a perfidious promise.
背信的、不忠的、背叛的(很正式的書面語,帶強烈譴責)
組成per- 'through, all the way' + Latin fides 'faith, trust' — so 'faith carried all the way through'... but here per- has the other, darker job it sometimes does in Latin: 'wrongly, to destruction'. Latin perfidus meant faithless; perfidiosus grew from it, and English borrowed that as perfidious. So the word is literally 'faith gone wrong'.
同家族的字
- fidelitysame Latin fides 'faith, trust' — being faithful
- confidecon- + fides — to put your trust with someone
- confidentsame fides root — trust, but here trust in yourself
- bona fideLatin 'in good faith', kept whole in English
- faithcame into English from the same Latin fides by a longer road through French
原始詞典資料1 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
perfidiousadj/pɚˈfɪdi.əs/
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Of, pertaining to, or representing perfidy; disloyal to what should command one's fidelity or allegiance.
- TRINCULO (speaking about Caliban): By this light, a most perfidious and drunken / monster: when his god's asleep, he'll rob his bottle.
- The perfidious Ricimer soon became dissatisfied with Anthe'mius, and raised the standard of revolt.
資料來源:英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary(CC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。