- 1prep/ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/包括
Used to show that someone or something is part of a larger group or amount you just mentioned.
「including」用來舉出「剛說的那一大群裡面的一部分」，意思是「包括…在內」。可以想成「在這一整堆裡面，也算上這幾個」。後面接名詞，例如 ten people, including me（十個人，包括我）。它的相反是 excluding（不包括）。
示範例句 · Example
The price is $25, including postage.
中文翻譯價格是二十五美元，包括郵資。
core核心畫面
Think of pointing at a big group and then pulling one or two members up to say 'these are inside it too'. 'Including' draws a circle around a set and confirms a particular thing sits within that circle, not outside it.
From the word’s history
From Latin includere 'to shut in, enclose' — in- 'in' + claudere 'to close'. The picture is of closing something inside a boundary, which is exactly what 'including' does: it places a member inside the set being talked about.
源自拉丁語 includere「關進去、圍起來」——in-（裡面）＋ claudere（關閉）。畫面是把某個東西關進一個界線裡，這正是 including 在做的事：把某個成員放進正在講的那一群裡面。
etymonline.com/word/include
原始詞典資料3 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，摘錄並精簡格式，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
includingprep/ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/
- 1
Such as, among which; introducing one or more parts of the group or topic just mentioned.
- All this has led to an explosion of protest across China, including among a middle class that has discovered nimbyism.
- All you have to do is to fill in the details, including your name and address and the amount you wish to give.
- 2
rareIntroducing a finite clause.
- I have always argued that it is one that deserves a thorough-going policy review, which might come to all sorts of conclusions, including it is doing what the Government of the day wants it to.
這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形：
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary，已精簡格式；依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用，改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。