被擋下來的事
最直接的一族：那隻手擋住的是進度。事情本來會往前跑，現在卡住了。
noun · B1
Something that stops traffic, work or a plan from going forward for a while, so that everything runs later than it should.
耽擱；延誤
核心畫面
Picture a hand coming up in front of something. Hold it up and it cannot move on — a car, a job, a person in a queue. The very same raised hand can also keep a thing from falling down. Both of those actions are packed into the noun hold-up: something stopped, or something kept up.
hold-up 可以想成一隻手在前面舉起來。東西被那隻手擋住，就走不下去了：車子、工作、排隊的人都一樣。同一隻舉起的…更多收起
hold-up 可以想成一隻手在前面舉起來。東西被那隻手擋住，就走不下去了：車子、工作、排隊的人都一樣。同一隻舉起的手，也可以是把東西撐住、不讓它掉下來。這個名詞的幾個意思，就像從這兩個動作長出來的。From the word’s history
Wiktionary records hold-up as a deverbal noun — a noun made straight from the verb phrase hold up. The two readings of that verb (stop something; keep something up) are what the noun inherits.
Wiktionary 記錄 hold-up 是 hold up 的 deverbal，也就是直接從這個動詞片語變成的名詞。動詞的兩種讀法——把東西擋下來、把東西撐住——正好對上名詞的幾個意思。
Wiktionary, entry “hold-up” (kaikki extract supplied in this packet): “A deverbal from hold up.”
Three branches
被舉起來的手
這一族擋下來的不是車流，而是人。動作從「擋住東西」變成「叫人把手舉高」。
noun · B2
A robbery in which someone threatens people with a weapon to make them hand over money, usually at a bank or a shop.
持械搶劫
自己撐住的東西
這一族用的是 hold up 的另一個讀法：不是擋住，而是撐住、不掉下來。
noun · C1
Hold-ups are long stockings with a band at the top that grips the leg, so they stay up on their own and need no belt to hold them.
免吊帶長襪