核心畫面

One way to picture gregarious: something that is almost never found alone. Deer move as a herd, birds feed as a flock, small mushrooms come up twenty at a time, and the same word gets turned on the person who walks into a room and heads for the fullest table. Wherever it goes, it points at one habit — being with others rather than apart.

gregarious 可以想成一幅畫面:這個東西很少單獨出現。鹿成群走,鳥成群吃,小菇一冒就是一整叢。把同一幅畫面搬更多收起gregarious 可以想成一幅畫面:這個東西很少單獨出現。鹿成群走,鳥成群吃,小菇一冒就是一整叢。把同一幅畫面搬到人身上,就變成一個人走進餐廳,直接坐到最熱鬧的那一桌。不管講的是動物、植物還是人,指向的都是同一個習慣——待在群體裡,而不是自己一個。這是一個好記的看法,不是字源上的證明。

From the word’s history

The supplied source records only that English borrowed this word from Latin gregārius, first attested 1688. The same entry separately lists an older, plain sense: pertaining to a flock or crowd. That older sense sits closest to the group picture. The source does not gloss the Latin word itself, so nothing further is claimed here.

來源資料只記到:1688 年左右借自拉丁文 gregārius。同一份資料另外收了一個較舊的意思——「跟一群、跟群體有關」。這個舊意思跟上面那幅「成群」的畫面最接近。至於拉丁原字本身怎麼解釋,資料沒有寫,這裡也就不多說。

Wiktionary entry supplied in the evidence packet (source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:209369552)

Two branches

人:待在人群裡最自在

把「成群」這幅畫面放到人身上。一個人有選擇的時候,還是往人多的地方走,那就是 gregarious。這一支是現在最常見的用法,也是最可能在日常閱讀裡遇到的。

adjective · C1

A gregarious person enjoys being with other people, is friendly and easy to talk to, and looks for company instead of spending time alone.

外向愛交際

生物:成群生活、成叢生長

這一支就是畫面本身,沒有比喻。動物成群移動、植物成叢冒出來,講的都是「很少單獨出現」這個事實。兩個意思都出現在圖鑑和報告裡,屬於專業用語。

adjective · C1

In writing about animals, gregarious means that the animal normally lives, feeds, and moves in a group — a herd, a flock, or a pack — rather than on its own.

群居的