核心畫面

Take the two halves the word is built from. Feeble is weak, with no force behind it, like an arm that cannot hold the weight. Minded points at the mind. Put them together and you get a mind that cannot take the load: it gives way as soon as anything presses on it. English then aims that picture at two different targets. It can be aimed at a piece of thinking, which is the living use. It was once aimed at a person, and that is the old use the word is now remembered badly for.

把這個字的兩半拆開來看。feeble 是虛弱、使不上力,像一隻手臂撐不住重量。minded 指向心智。合起來可以想成更多收起把這個字的兩半拆開來看。feeble 是虛弱、使不上力,像一隻手臂撐不住重量。minded 指向心智。合起來可以想成一個承不住重量的腦袋:東西一壓上去就塌。英文接著把這個畫面瞄準兩個不同的目標。一個是瞄準「一段想法」——這是今天還活著的用法,說一個計畫、一條規定經不起推敲。另一個是瞄準「一個人」——那是舊用法,也是這個字今天讓人不舒服的原因。

From the word’s history

Wiktionary's tree gives feeble from Middle English feble, from Anglo-Norman feble, and minded from mind plus -ed. The compound is literally weak in the mind, which is still the picture underneath both senses.

Wiktionary 的構詞樹顯示:feeble 來自中古英語 feble,再上溯 Anglo-Norman feble;minded 是 mind 加 -ed。這個複合詞字面就是「心智虛弱」,這個畫面在兩個意思底下都還在。

Wiktionary entry feeble-minded, etymology tree: Anglo-Norman feble > Middle English feble > English feeble; English mind + -ed > minded (source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:1235974246)

Two branches

瞄準想法:這個念頭撐不住

把「承不住重量的腦袋」這個畫面掛在一個計畫或一條規定上。

adjective · C1

Foolish, and showing very little good sense or clear thinking. It is most often used about a plan, a rule, a decision or an argument, and it is a hard, cutting word.

愚蠢的;沒見識的

舊時瞄準人:當年的分類標籤

同一個畫面,但被拿來形容一個人的整個心智,並且寫進正式紀錄裡。

adjective · C1

Having much less than average intelligence. This is an old use: it was once used to label people, and it is now treated as hurtful, so you meet it mainly in older writing and in records from the past.

(舊用法)智力遠低於一般的