心裡的判官
這一族是核心畫面本身，以及它在事後留下的餘波。
conscience (moral sense) · noun · C2
The part of your mind that tells you whether what you are doing is right or wrong.
良心
核心畫面
One way to picture it: an inner witness that watches what you do and tells you, without being asked, whether it is right or wrong — a voice you cannot argue away because it is your own.
「心裡有個一直在旁邊看著的自己」：你做每件事的時候，它都在場，而且會不請自來地告訴你這樣做對不對。它不是別人的目光—…更多收起
「心裡有個一直在旁邊看著的自己」：你做每件事的時候，它都在場，而且會不請自來地告訴你這樣做對不對。它不是別人的目光——別人可以不知道，它一定知道，因為它就是你。這個畫面解釋了這個字後續所有的用法：既然那個見證者跑不掉，事後它也會一直提醒你；而在做決定的當下，你也可以先問它一句再動手。From the word’s history
From Latin conscientia, 'knowing together with oneself', from conscire (con- 'with' + scire 'to know'). It is itself a calque of Greek syneidesis. The root literally names the situation of sharing knowledge with yourself — you are the one other party who was present.
拉丁文 conscientia 拆開來是 con-（一起）+ scire（知道），字面意思是「與自己一同知道」——這正好就是核心畫面：一件事只有你和你自己都在場，你們共同持有這個知識。這也解釋了為什麼這個字天生跟「祕密」和「愧疚」黏在一起：即使全世界不知道，那個共同知情的人還在。science、conscious 都是同一個 scire 家族。
Wiktionary (conscience), from Latin conscientia < conscire (con- + scire), a calque of Ancient Greek συνείδησις.
Two branches
固定說法裡的良心
這兩個意思不是 conscience 單獨的新義，而是核心畫面被固定在特定片語裡之後長出來的用法。
have something on your conscience · noun · C2
If you have something on your conscience, that thing keeps making you feel guilty.
良心不安
原始詞典資料3 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
consciencenoun/ˈkɒn.ʃəns/
- 1
The ethical or moral sense of right and wrong, chiefly as it affects a person’s own behaviour and forms their attitude to their past actions.
- Your conscience is your highest authority.
- 1949, Albert Einstein, as quoted by Virgil Henshaw in Albert Einstein: Philosopher Scientist, Never do anything against conscience, even if the state demands it.
- 2
fictionhuman-scienceslinguisticsA personification of the moral sense of right and wrong, usually in the form of a person, a being or merely a voice that gives moral lessons and advices.
- 3
obsoleteConsciousness; thinking; awareness, especially self-awareness.
- Thus conscience does make cowards of us all; And thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。