核心畫面

One way to picture it: you open a box and see exactly what is inside it — the box 'comprises' those things. The word draws a line around a whole and names the parts that sit within the line.

打開一個盒子,看見裡面裝了哪幾樣東西——盒子「由這幾樣東西組成」。這個字的工作是先畫出一個整體的界線,再點名界線裡面更多收起打開一個盒子,看見裡面裝了哪幾樣東西——盒子「由這幾樣東西組成」。這個字的工作是先畫出一個整體的界線,再點名界線裡面有哪些部分。它談的是「裡面有什麼」,不是「怎麼做出來的」,所以語氣偏向清點、描述,常出現在報告、說明、正式敘述裡。

From the word’s history

From Old French compris, past participle of comprendre, from Latin comprehendere 'to seize together, take in' (com- 'together' + prehendere 'to seize') — the same root as comprehend.

從古法文 compris(comprendre 的過去分詞)來,再往上是拉丁文 comprehendere:com-(一起)+ prehendere(抓住),字面是「一把抓在一起、整個收進來」,和 comprehend 同源。這個「把好幾樣東西一併收進同一個懷抱」的動作,就是今天 comprise 的畫面——一個整體把它的組成部分全都圈在裡面。

Wiktionary entry for comprise (Old French compris < Latin comprehendere)

One branch

整體與部分:從哪一端說起

兩個意思共用同一張圖,只是站的位置相反:一個站在盒子這邊往裡看,一個站在盒子裡的東西這邊往外看。

consist of parts · verb · C1

To be made of particular parts, groups, or people: the whole has those pieces inside it. Also used in the form be comprised of.

由…組成

原始詞典資料3 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

compriseverb/kəmˈpɹaɪz/

  • 1

    To be made up of; to consist of (especially a comprehensive list of parts).

    • Near-synonyms: subsume, contain, include, embrace, comprehend
    • The whole comprises the parts.
  • 2

    To compose; to constitute.

    • Near-synonym: make up
    • The whole is comprised of the parts.
  • 3

    intellectual-propertylawpatent-lawTo include, contain, or be made up of, defining the minimum elements, whether essential or inessential to define an invention.

    • (close-ended)

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。