地上的界線:國土與土地
這一族就是核心畫面本身:可以走過去、可以在地圖上指出來的那條實際分界。
boundary (border line) · noun · C1
The real or imagined line that marks the edge of a country, a city, or a piece of land that belongs to someone.
邊界
One way to picture it: a line drawn on the ground that says "this side is one thing, that side is another" — the edge where what belongs to you stops and what belongs to someone else begins.
From bound ("a limit, the furthest point something reaches") + -ary; the word is literally "the thing that has to do with the limit".
boundary 是 bound(界限、到頭的那一點)加上名詞字尾 -ary 造出來的,字面就是「跟界限有關的那個東西」,所以它天生指的就是「到頭為止的那條線」,而不是線圍起來的地。這個 bound 跟「跳」的 bound 沒關係,也跟 be bound to 的「被綁住」不同源。
Wiktionary etymology tree supplied in the payload (English bound + -ary), which also notes it displaced native Old English mearc.
Four branches
地上的界線:國土與土地
這一族就是核心畫面本身:可以走過去、可以在地圖上指出來的那條實際分界。
boundary (border line) · noun · C1
The real or imagined line that marks the edge of a country, a city, or a piece of land that belongs to someone.
邊界
看不見的界線:可接受的範圍
從土地的分界隱喻到行為與能力的分界——一樣是「到這裡為止」,只是這條線不畫在地上,而是畫在人們的共識或現實的極限上。
boundary of acceptability · noun · C1
The limit of what people accept as all right, or of what they think is possible.
界限
概念之間的交界
同樣是「到這裡為止」,但兩邊不是土地、也不是行為,而是兩種說不太清楚的東西——感覺、性質、學科;線畫在它們之間,通常還是模糊的。
boundary (dividing point) · noun · C1
The point where one feeling, idea, or quality stops and another starts.
界線
板球場的邊線
回到最具體的那條線——只是這次畫在球場上,而且因為球越過它會算分,這個字連「那一擊」本身都一併指了。
boundary (cricket) · noun · C1
In cricket, the outer edge of the playing area, or a hit that sends the ball across this edge for extra points.
邊界(板球)
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
boundarynoun/ˈbaʊndɹi/
The dividing line or location between two areas.
The bounds, confines, or limits between immaterial things (such as one’s comfort zone, privacy, or professional sphere and the realm beyond).
ball-gamescricketgamesAn edge or line marking an edge of the playing field.
ball-gamescricketgamesAn event whereby the ball is struck and either touches or passes over a boundary (with or without bouncing), usually resulting in an award of 4 (four) or 6 (six) runs respectively for the batting team.
mathematicssciencestopology(of a set) The set of points in the closure of a set S, not belonging to the interior of that set.
Commission paid by a bus or jeepney driver to a public transportation operator for taking passengers, or the excess collected fares taken as daily wage.
資料來源:英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary(CC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。