交換這個動作
這一支就是畫面本身：兩邊把東西推到對方那一側。
verb · B2
To trade without money: you give goods, work, or a service, and the other person gives you goods or a service back. What each side hands over is the payment.
以物易物
核心畫面
Picture two pairs of hands meeting over a table with no wallet anywhere in sight. I put down the rice I grew or the work I can do. You put down the salt you have. Nobody counts coins, and the deal ends the moment each side picks up what it came for. Everything this word covers is that one picture seen from a different angle: the act of swapping, the whole arrangement a market runs on, and the sack of rice itself once it is standing where money would normally stand.
可以想成兩雙手隔著桌子直接交換，桌上沒有錢包。我放下自己種的米，或是我能做的一份工。你放下你手上的鹽。沒有人數銅板，…更多收起
可以想成兩雙手隔著桌子直接交換，桌上沒有錢包。我放下自己種的米，或是我能做的一份工。你放下你手上的鹽。沒有人數銅板，兩邊各自拿起想要的東西，這筆交易就結束了。barter 的幾個意思，比較像同一個畫面換角度看：交換這個動作、整個市場靠交換運作的方式，還有那袋站在錢的位置上的米本身。From the word’s history
The evidence packet records only that barter is Late Middle English and comes from Old French barater. It does not say what the French word meant, so nothing further is claimed here.
證據裡只記到：barter 是中古英語晚期的字，來自古法文 barater。來源沒有說那個法文字當時的意思，所以這裡不再往下推。
Wiktionary entry for barter supplied in the evidence packet (source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:6583822).
Two branches
這套制度，和放上桌的東西
同一個畫面，鏡頭往外拉或往內推。往外拉，看見整個市場都在這樣換；往內推，只剩桌上那袋米。
noun · B2
A way of trading in which people exchange goods and services directly for other goods and services, with no money used.
以物易物（制度）