掛在主體旁邊的附加物
這一支就是核心畫面的直接使用：有主體，有掛在旁邊的那一塊，而且那一塊沒有自己的分量。
noun · C1
A smaller thing that is joined onto something bigger or more important, and that seems to belong to that thing instead of standing on its own.
附屬物；附加的部分
核心畫面
Picture a main thing, and then a smaller thing hanging off the side of it. The main thing would still be itself without the smaller one; the smaller one would be nothing much on its own. That is the whole of appendage, and the word wears its own history on its face: it is append, to add on, turned into a noun. Everything it names fits the picture. A room added to a house. A bike lane added to a road. A person who only counts because of the group they are next to. And bodies, where the parts that stick out from the trunk are called appendages for exactly the same reason.
可以想成一個主體，旁邊掛著一塊比較小的東西。主體沒有那一塊還是它自己，那一塊離開主體就不太算什麼。這個字的形狀也剛好…更多收起
可以想成一個主體，旁邊掛著一塊比較小的東西。主體沒有那一塊還是它自己，那一塊離開主體就不太算什麼。這個字的形狀也剛好寫著這件事：它是 append（加上去）變成的名詞。所有用法都在這張圖裡。加蓋的房間、後來補的自行車道、只因為站在某個團體旁邊才被看見的人。身體也一樣：從軀幹伸出去的部位叫 appendage，理由完全相同。From the word’s history
From append plus -age; the packet's tree runs append back through Old French apendre to Latin appendo, itself ad- plus pendo.
來源資料給的是一條字源鏈：appendage 來自 append，往上經過古法語 apendre，再上去是拉丁文 appendō（由 ad- 加 pendō 組成），字尾 -age 也是經古法語從拉丁文來的。所以這個字從頭到尾都在講「加上去的東西」，這正是兩個意思共用的那張圖。
packet evidence: Wiktionary etymology tree for appendage (source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:692709508:26382) — Latin ad- + pendo > appendo > Old French apendre > Middle English appenden > English append; -age < Latin -aticum.
Two branches
身體上伸出去的部位
把主體換成一具身體，掛在旁邊的那一塊就是手、腳、螯、觸角。畫面沒變，只是換了一個主體。
noun · C1
An arm, a leg, or another part that sticks out from the body of a person or an animal. This is a formal word, used most often in science writing.
肢體；附肢