官方授權文件
核心的「替行動撐腰、給它許可」寫成白紙黑字,就成了官方文件——一張蓋章簽名的紙,替持有的人擋掉責任、給他行動的權力。
warrant (legal document) · noun · B2
An official paper signed by a judge that lets the police do something, like search a place or take someone in.
令狀;搜索令
You can picture warrant as something that stands behind an action and vouches for it — a backing that says 'this is allowed / this is guaranteed.' In its clearest form it's a signed paper that gives someone authority to act; stretched wider, it's any solid reason or promise that backs a claim up.
Warrant comes (c.1200) from Old North French 'warant' — a defender, surety, or pledge — from a Germanic root *war- 'to guard, protect.' So at root a warrant is a guardian who stands behind you and vouches. That backing then hardened into the written document that authorizes, and softened into 'a good reason' and the verb 'to guarantee.'
warrant 約在 1200 年來自古法語 warant「保護者、擔保、抵押」,再往上是日耳曼字根 *war-「守護、保護」。所以它骨子裡是「替你撐腰、替你掛保證的那個人或東西」。這個「撐腰」後來一邊硬化成授權的公文,一邊軟化成「正當理由」和動詞「保證」。
etymonline: warrant (Old North French warant, Germanic *war- 'to guard/protect')
Three branches
官方授權文件
核心的「替行動撐腰、給它許可」寫成白紙黑字,就成了官方文件——一張蓋章簽名的紙,替持有的人擋掉責任、給他行動的權力。
warrant (legal document) · noun · B2
An official paper signed by a judge that lets the police do something, like search a place or take someone in.
令狀;搜索令
正當理由 / 值得
把「撐腰」抽象化:不是一張紙,而是「有沒有夠格的理由撐住這件事」。事情夠重要,才配得上、才需要某個回應。
justify, deserve · verb · C1
To be serious or important enough to need or deserve something.
值得;需要
保證 / 我敢說
回到「掛保證」這一支:不是替行動背書,而是替「一句話是真的」背書——我拿我的話替它擔保。
promise, guarantee · verb · C1
To promise or say firmly that something is true.
保證
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
warrantnoun/ˈwɒɹənt/
Authorization or certification; a sanction, as given by a superior.
Something that provides assurance or confirmation; a guarantee or proof.
An order that serves as authorization; especially a voucher authorizing payment or receipt of money.
businessfinanceAn option, usually issued together with another security and with a term at issue greater than a year, to buy other securities of the issuer.
lawA judicial writ authorizing an officer to make a search, seizure, or arrest, or to execute a judgment.
governmentmilitarypoliticsEllipsis of warrant officer.
roadtransportA document certifying that a motor vehicle meets certain standards of mechanical soundness and safety; a warrant of fitness.
obsoleteA defender, a protector.
businessminingUnderclay in a coal mine.
warrantverb/ˈwɒɹənt/
obsoleteTo protect, keep safe (from danger).
obsoleteTo give (someone) an assurance or guarantee (of something); also, with a double object: to guarantee (someone something).
To guarantee (something) to be (of a specified quality, value, etc.).
To guarantee as being true; (colloquial) to believe strongly.
To authorize; to give (someone) sanction or warrant (to do something).
To justify; to give grounds for.
這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形:
資料來源:英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary(CC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。