身體裡的病毒
字面的那個畫面本身:真的有一個微小的東西進到身體裡。
disease-causing microbe · noun · B1
A very small living thing, too small to see, that gets into your body and can make you ill.
病毒
Think of something far too small to see that slips inside a living body, borrows the body's own machinery to make copies of itself, and then rides out to the next body — through a cough, a handshake, a shared cup. Three things travel together in the picture: it is invisible, it copies itself using its host, and it leaves damage behind.
Latin virus meant poison, poisonous liquid, sap, slimy liquid. In English it first meant a poisonous substance or the thin fluid from a sore (late 14c.); the sense agent that causes an infectious disease appears in the 1790s, and the modern submicroscopic-organism sense in the 1870s. The computing sense is dated to 1972.
拉丁文的 virus 本來是「毒、毒液、黏稠的汁液」,14 世紀末進到英文時指的還是毒物、傷口流出的膿水。要到 1790 年代,它才被用來指「造成傳染病的那個東西」,1870 年代再對應到今天說的、小到看不見的微生物。電腦用法則要等到 1972 年。所以「有毒、會傷人」這層感覺,其實比「會複製的微生物」更早在這個字裡。
Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/word/virus
Two branches
身體裡的病毒
字面的那個畫面本身:真的有一個微小的東西進到身體裡。
disease-causing microbe · noun · B1
A very small living thing, too small to see, that gets into your body and can make you ill.
病毒
機器裡的病毒
把電腦、手機當成「身體」,一段程式碼當成那個看不見的小東西,整個畫面就原封不動搬過來了:偷偷進來、借你的機器複製自己、再傳給下一台。中文也一樣叫「病毒」,這個比喻在兩種語言裡都通。
computer virus · noun · B1
A harmful set of computer instructions, secretly put onto a computer, that can damage files and copy itself onto other computers.
電腦病毒
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
virusnoun/ˈvaɪ.ɹəs/
A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure that consists of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and that sometimes causes disease in the host organism (such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms).
A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure that consists of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and that sometimes causes disease in the host organism (such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms).
A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure that consists of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and that sometimes causes disease in the host organism (such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms).
A quantity of such infectious agents, considered en masse.
informalA disease caused by such an infectious agent; a viral illness.
archaicVenom, as produced by a poisonous animal etc.
computingengineeringmathematicsA type of malware which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks (especially the Internet) or removable storage such as disks by inserting its code into other executable files, often causing damage to systems and data; also computer virus.
computingengineeringmathematicsAny type of malware.
Any malicious or dangerous entity that spreads from one place or person to another.
virusverb/ˈvaɪ.ɹəs/
rareTo send or infect an electronic device with a computer virus.
資料來源:英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary(CC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。