- 1肺結核／結核病（日常一律說「TB」；台灣手臂上那個卡介苗 BCG 疤痕就是為了它）
A serious infectious disease caused by a bacterium, attacking the lungs most of all, but able to reach the bones, the spine, the brain and other parts too. The signs are a cough that will not go away, often with blood, plus fever, night sweating and weight loss. It spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Almost everyone it to TB in speech and in writing; the full word is used in medical texts and on official forms. Two things are worth knowing beyond the definition. First, an infection can sit quiet in the body for years without making you ill — doctors call that TB — so 'infected' and 'sick' are not the same thing here. Second, it is , but the medicine must be taken for months, and stopping early is how drug-resistant TB is made. Taiwan still records thousands of cases a year, and the scar on your upper arm is from the vaccine against it.
From the word’s history
From New Latin tūberculōsis, from tūberculum 'small lump' + -ōsis 'diseased condition'.
新拉丁文，由 tūberculum「小腫塊」加 -ōsis「病」組成。
組成tubercul- (from Latin tuberculum, 'a little lump', itself the small form of tūber, 'a lump' or 'swelling') + -osis (a diseased condition). So: 'the disease of little lumps'. The name was given in the 1840s because the infected lung is dotted with small hard lumps that a doctor once thought looked like little tubers. The disease is far older than the name — for centuries English called it consumption, because it seemed to consume, to eat up, the body of the sufferer.
同家族的字
- tubercularthe adjective, from the same tuberculum
- tuberLatin tūber, a swelling — the potato sense
- neurosisshares -osis, the ending for a diseased or abnormal condition
- diagnosisshares the -osis ending, though here it marks a process rather than a disease
原始詞典資料1 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，摘錄並精簡格式，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
tuberculosisnoun/tʃuːˌbɜː(ɹ)kjʊˈləʊsɪs/
- 1
medicinepathologysciencesAn infectious disease of humans and animals caused by a species of mycobacterium, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mainly infecting the lungs where it causes tubercles characterized by the expectoration of mucus and sputum, fever, weight loss, and chest pain, and transmitted through inhalation or ingestion of bacteria.
- With smallpox gone, tuberculosis is today the deadliest infectious disease on the planet.
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary，已精簡格式；依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用，改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。