核心畫面

One way to hold spunk: a spark. The oldest recorded uses are a spark and the dry tinder a spark catches in, and the modern meaning most people know is that same small flame moved inside a person — the bit that will not go out when someone is losing.

可以想成:一點火花。這個字最早記到的用法就是「火花」和引火用的「火種」。今天大家熟悉的意思,等於把那點火挪到人身上。更多收起可以想成:一點火花。這個字最早記到的用法就是「火花」和引火用的「火種」。今天大家熟悉的意思,等於把那點火挪到人身上。不是熊熊大火,是一小簇不肯熄掉的火苗。所以它形容的不是強者的勇敢,而是弱勢的一方還在撐。往外延伸時,這點火也可以變成「讓人眼睛一亮」的那種亮。這個字另外還有一個粗話用法,來源沒有那麼清楚,不適合硬掛回這個畫面上。

From the word’s history

The supplied etymology dates spunk to 1530 as a blend of spark and the obsolete funk ('spark, touchwood'), with early uses meaning a spark and tinder.

供應的字源說 spunk 出現於 1530 年,由 spark(火花)和已廢用的 funk(火花、火種)併成,早期的意思就是火花、火種、火柴。所以「人身上那點火」不是後來的比喻附會,而是這個字本來的東西換了地方放。

Wiktionary entry for spunk (noun), source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:840867765

Two branches

人身上那點火

把火花放進人身上:本來可以放棄的人還在撐,眼睛還亮著。這一支是今天的主流用法。

noun · C1

Spunk is courage — the kind that makes someone keep going and speak up for themselves, especially when they are small, young, or in a weak position. It is an informal, approving word, used most in American English.

膽識、不服輸的勁

英式粗話用法

這一支不硬接回火花的畫面。供應的資料只告訴我們它存在、它粗俗、它主要在英國,沒有告訴我們它怎麼來的。

noun · C1

In British English, spunk is a rude slang word for semen, the fluid produced by a man's body. The source marks it as not polite, so it is avoided in ordinary speech and writing.

(英式粗話)精液