掌管與承擔（核心）
這一族最貼近核心畫面：你被放在「掌管的位子」上，由此衍生出決定權，也衍生出出事時要承擔的後果。
responsibility (being in charge) · noun · B2
The job of being in charge of someone or something, so that you make the decisions and get the blame if things go wrong.
責任 / 職責
核心畫面
You can picture responsibility as something resting on your shoulders: a person or a task has been put in your care, so you are the one who must answer for it — you make the calls, and if it goes well or badly, it points back to you. The whole word turns on this idea of 'this is yours to answer for'.
可以想成有一份東西「壓在你肩上」：某個人、某件事被交到你手上看管，於是你就是那個要為它負責、要交代的人——由你來決定…更多收起
可以想成有一份東西「壓在你肩上」：某個人、某件事被交到你手上看管，於是你就是那個要為它負責、要交代的人——由你來決定，做好做壞最後都回頭算到你身上。整個字都繞著「這件事歸你負責、要由你來答」這個核心打轉。From the word’s history
The word comes from 'respond' (Latin respondere, to answer back): a responsibility is literally something you must 'answer for' or 'answer to'.
這個字源自 respond（拉丁文 respondere，意為「回答、答覆」）：所謂 responsibility，字面上就是「你必須為之作答、要對它有所交代」的那份東西，所以「要答、要交代」正是它的核心。
Online Etymology Dictionary (etymonline.com), 'responsible'
Four branches
具體該做的事
核心是抽象的「歸你負責」；把它落到地面，就變成一條條「你份內該做的具體事項」。
responsibility (a duty) · noun · B2
Something you must do as part of your job or your daily duties.
職責 / 該做的事
道義與對人的責任
核心的「要為之負責」不只來自職位，也可以來自良心或人與人的關係——這一族把「歸你負責」延伸到道德層面與你該照顧的對象。
responsibility (moral duty) · noun · B2
Something you ought to do because it is the right thing morally or for other people.
應盡的責任
自行作主、自負後果
把核心收進一個固定片語：既然事情由你負責，那就由你自己拍板、後果也自己擔，沒人逼你也沒人替你背。
on your own responsibility · noun · B2
Used in the phrase 'on your own responsibility' to mean doing something by your own choice, without being told or officially allowed.
自行負責
原始詞典資料5 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
responsibilitynoun/ɹɪˌspɒn.səˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
- 1
The state of being responsible, accountable, or answerable.
- Responsibility is a heavy burden.
- If parents, teachers, and ministers conducted their responsibilities by following the ratings, children would have a steady diet of ice cream, school holidays, and no Sunday school.
- 2
The state of being liable, culpable, or responsible for something in particular.
- After all, it is undeniable that the B.R. standard coach scored highly in comparative trials with other European railway vehicles on the Continent a few years ago, so that B.R. civil engineers must share responsibility for any defects in its behaviour over here.
- The vast majority of American Jews not only greatly dislike President Trump but also believe he has made them less safe: according to a May 2019 poll, nearly three-quarters of Jewish voters believe American Jews are less secure under Trump than they were before, 71 percent disapprove of Trump’s overall job performance, and nearly 60 percent believe that he bears at least some responsibility for the synagogue shootings carried out by white nationalists in Pittsburgh and Poway.
- 3
A duty, obligation or liability for which someone is held accountable.
- Why didn't you clean the house? That was your responsibility!
- The responsibility of the great states is to serve and not to dominate the world
- 4
A duty, obligation or liability for which someone is held accountable.
- 5
A duty, obligation or liability for which someone is held accountable.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。