個人層面的補救
這一組是核心畫面最直接的樣子：一個人造成損失，然後拿出實際的東西去補。
noun · C1
Something you give to someone, or do for them, to make up for the harm you did to them before. It can be money, time or work.
彌補、補償
核心畫面
Picture a hole left behind after harm was done. Someone caused it, and now something has to go into it: money, work, time, a returned object. Reparation is what goes into the hole afterwards. The word always looks backwards at damage that has already happened, never forwards at damage you are trying to avoid.
可以想成傷害過後留下一個洞。有人弄出了這個洞，現在要拿東西去把它填回來：可能是錢，可能是勞力、時間，也可能是把拿走的…更多收起
可以想成傷害過後留下一個洞。有人弄出了這個洞，現在要拿東西去把它填回來：可能是錢，可能是勞力、時間，也可能是把拿走的東西還回去。reparation 講的就是後來填進去的那一份。它永遠是回頭看已經發生的損失，而不是事前的防範。這也是為什麼單純說一句抱歉還不算——洞還在那裡，沒有東西進去。From the word’s history
Wiktionary gives the word as borrowed from Latin reparatio, reparationis, in the tree from reparatus.
來源資料說它借自拉丁文 reparātiō、reparātiōnis，字根那條線來自 reparatus。可以想成「把壞掉的東西修回來」這個意思一路留在字裡，只是後來修的對象從物品變成了關係和損失。
Wiktionary entry for reparation, etymology_text in this packet: Borrowed from Latin reparatio, reparationis; tree shows Latin reparatus.
Two branches
國與國之間的賠款
同一個洞，換成國家的規模。造成損失的一方付錢給受害的一方，只是這次金額寫在條約裡。
noun · C1
Money that a country pays after losing a war, to pay for the deaths and the damage that it caused. In this use the word is almost always plural: reparations.
戰後賠款