喜樂美語

這個拼法底下其實是2個不同的字，意思沒有關係， 只是長得一樣。下面分開列出來。跳到 底漆 · 識字課本、啟蒙讀本

1

primer

noun

核心畫面

The thing that goes first so that the real thing can work. It is never the point itself — the colour, the makeup, the bang, the copied strand is the point — but without it, whatever follows has nothing to hold on to and nowhere to start from. You are not supposed to see it in the finished result.

可以想成「先上去的那一個，好讓真正要來的東西能夠成立」。它自己從來不是重點。重點是後面的顏色、後面的妝、後面那一下爆…更多收起可以想成「先上去的那一個，好讓真正要來的東西能夠成立」。它自己從來不是重點。重點是後面的顏色、後面的妝、後面那一下爆炸、後面被複製出來的那一段。可是少了它，後面那些東西就沒有東西可以附著，或者根本不知道要從哪裡開始。而且在完成的結果裡，你通常看不到它。

From the word’s history

Wiktionary derives this primer straightforwardly from the verb prime plus the agent suffix -er: the thing that primes, that is, the thing that gets something ready to work. That reading covers the whole group, from a tin of paint to a short strand of DNA.

維基詞典把這個 primer 直接記成動詞 prime 加上 -er：做「prime」這件事的那個東西，也就是「讓某樣東西先就位、可以開始運作」的那個東西。這個讀法正好蓋住整群意思，從一罐油漆到一小段 DNA 都算。

Wiktionary, entry 'primer' (noun, etymology 2: 'From prime + -er'); packet source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:587368742

From the picture

打底的那一層

這一家取的是「先鋪一層」：它不是給人看的，它是讓上面那層留得住的。

noun · B2

A first coat of paint put onto bare wood, metal or wall so that the colour you actually want will hold on, cover evenly and last. The word covers both the liquid itself and one layer of it.

底漆

先發生的那一下

這一家取的不是「一層」，而是「順序」：先有一個小的動作，後面那件大的才開始。

noun · C1

The small charge that goes off first and sets the main explosive off — for example the cap at the base of a cartridge that is struck to fire a gun, or the tube of explosive used to start a blasting charge in a mine or quarry.

底火、雷管

Also in this word

noun · B2

A smooth cream or gel put on clean skin before foundation, so that makeup goes on evenly, sinks into the tiny lines less, and stays on longer.

妝前乳

noun · C1

In biology, a molecule that has to be in place before a build can start — most often a short single strand of DNA or RNA that attaches to a longer strand and gives the copying machinery its starting point.

引子（生物）

A second word, same spelling

2

primer

noun

核心畫面

The first book. Not a full account of anything — the thin one put into your hands before you know a single thing, made to get you started and then be put down.

可以想成「第一本書」。不是完整的那一本。是你什麼都還不懂的時候，別人塞到你手上的那一本薄薄的書。它的任務是讓你開始。…更多收起可以想成「第一本書」。不是完整的那一本。是你什麼都還不懂的時候，別人塞到你手上的那一本薄薄的書。它的任務是讓你開始。開始之後就可以放下它。

From the word’s history

Wiktionary traces this primer to Medieval Latin primarium, a prayer book for ordinary people, from prima, the early-morning hour of prayer. Prayer books of that kind were what late-medieval and early-modern children were taught to read from, so the word moved from prayer book, to the book you learn to read from, to a first book on any subject.

維基詞典把這個 primer 追到中世紀拉丁文 primarium——給一般信徒用的祈禱書，來自 prima（清晨的祈禱時段）。那個年代的孩子，就是拿這種祈禱書學認字。所以這個字先從「祈禱書」變成「學認字的第一本書」，再變成今天的「任何主題的入門書」。

Wiktionary, entry 'primer' (noun, etymology 1); packet source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:587312930

One branch

先讀的那一本

這一系的兩個意思差別只在「給誰、講什麼」，那本書的分量沒有變：短、簡單、放在最前面。

noun · C1

An old-fashioned school book that teaches children their first reading and writing, or sets out the very first simple facts of a school subject.

識字課本、啟蒙讀本

原始詞典資料19 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

Primername

  • 1

    A surname.

primernoun詞源 1/ˈpɹaɪ.mə/

  • 1

    historicalCatholicismChristianityecclesiasticalA prayer or devotional book intended for laity, initially an abridgment of the breviary and manual including the hours of the Virgin Mary, 15 gradual and 7 penitential psalms, the litany, the placebo and dirige forming the office of the dead, and the commendations.

  • 2

    historicalChristianityProtestantismecclesiasticalAny of various similar works issued in England for private prayer in accordance with the Book of Common Prayer.

  • 3

    A children's book intended to teach literacy: how to read, write, and spell.

    • Four-year-old Elizabeth Finkle-McGraw would receive the Young Lady's Illustrated Primer from her grandfather. Fiona Hackworth would be getting a copy of the Illustrated Primer too, for this had been John Percival Hackworth's crime: He had programmed the matter compiler to place the cockleburs on the outside of Elizabeth's book.
  • 4

    An introductory text on any subject, particularly basic concepts.

    • [...] The two assets of the book are clear explanation, and a multitude of extremely helpful diagrams, some in two colours, and cutaway photographs; these clearly unravel a difficult subject for the layman, as well as the student engineman for whom the primer is chiefly designed.
  • 5

    obsoleteAn elementary school class; an elementary school student.

primernoun詞源 2/ˈpɹaɪ.mə(ɹ)/

  • 1

    Any substance or device, such as priming wire or blasting cap, used to ignite gunpowder or other explosive.

    • The percussion primer, known as the “ 110-grain percussion primer,” contains an igniting charge of 95 grains of black powder in addition to the essential elements of a percussion primer.
    • Therefore, the shotgun primer is quite self- contained. It consists of a separate metal cup called a battery cup that contains the primer itself. That's why it is considered a two-piece primer.
  • 2

    obsoleteA person who primes explosives.

  • 3

    A substance used to prime wood, metal, etc. in preparation for painting.

  • 4

    A layer of such a substance.

  • 5

    A layer of makeup that goes beneath the foundation; undermakeup.

    • The undermakeup (primer) should be allowed to dry-set for 30 seconds. Apply foundation over the primer with a sponge using light, careful strokes to blend. Undermakeups come in cream form, sponge-on wands, or sponge-on cream, and as a lotion.
  • 6

    obsoleteA person who primes wood, metal, etc.

  • 7

    biochemistrybiologychemistryA molecule which initiates the synthesis of an enzyme, (especially) a single-stranded nucleic acid molecule which initiates DNA replication.

  • 8

    biologymedicinenatural-sciencesA pheromone which interacts first with the endocrine system.

另外 2 個記錄的用法
  • 9

    A device used to prime an internal combustion engine with gasoline, (especially) in airplanes.

  • 10

    A person who prunes trees.

primeradj詞源 3

  • 1

    obsoleteFirst in time, initial, early.

    • the primer English kings
  • 2

    obsoleteFirst in importance, premier.

  • 3

    obsoleterareFirst in position, foremost.

資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。