核心畫面

One way to hold this word is to keep a mouth in mind. Not a hole punched through something, but an opening that is made to be an opening — something is supposed to go in or come out of it. The nose, the ears, the end of a pipe, the tiny points in a shower head, the dark gap at the bottom of a cliff: all of them are places with a rim, and a way through. English keeps this word for careful writing, so when you meet it the writer is usually being exact rather than being colourful.

一種記法是把它想成一張嘴。不是被打穿的洞,而是本來就要讓東西進出的口。鼻孔、耳朵、管子的兩端、蓮蓬頭上的小孔、懸崖底更多收起一種記法是把它想成一張嘴。不是被打穿的洞,而是本來就要讓東西進出的口。鼻孔、耳朵、管子的兩端、蓮蓬頭上的小孔、懸崖底下那道黑黑的縫,都有一圈邊,也都有一條通路。英文把這個字留給比較正式的場合,所以看到它,多半代表作者想講得精確,而不是想講得生動。

From the word’s history

Recorded as coming through Middle French and Old French from Late Latin orificium, literally 'the making of a mouth', from os (mouth) plus facio (to make).

依據來源,這個字經由中古法文、古法文,回到後期拉丁文 ōrificium,字面就是「做出一張嘴」:ōs(嘴)加上 faciō(做)。這條線索剛好說明為什麼身體上的孔和管子的口共用同一個字。

Wiktionary entry supplied in this packet (source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:526409816:17653): 'From Middle French, from Old French, from Late Latin orificium (an opening, literally the making of a mouth), compound of os (mouth) + facio (to make).'

Two branches

身體上的口

這一支離「嘴」的畫面最近:真正的嘴,加上跟嘴同一類的鼻孔、耳朵。

noun · C1

One of the natural openings in the body of a person or an animal, such as the mouth, the nose, or the ears.

身體的孔口

器物上的口

同一個「嘴」的畫面搬到東西上;這是用法上的延伸,不是在說哪一個意思比較早出現。

noun · C1

An opening or hole in a thing, especially the mouth of a tube, a pipe, or another narrow passage that something goes into or comes out of.

開口、孔