運作與操作（核心：東西正在做事）
這一族最貼近字根「出力做事」的原始畫面：東西的各部分配合起來、實際運轉。
running of a system · noun · B1
The running of a machine or system, its parts working together, or making it work.
運作 / 操作
核心畫面
You can picture 'operation' as the moment when something is actually working — parts moving together to do a job. The Latin root 'operari' means 'to work, to labour', and that idea of work-in-action runs through every sense: a machine in operation, a business in operation, a plan in operation. Wherever there is a coordinated effort being carried out, that is an operation.
可以把 operation 想成「某個東西正在運轉、正在做事」的那一刻——各個部分彼此配合、把一件工作實際做出來。它…更多收起
可以把 operation 想成「某個東西正在運轉、正在做事」的那一刻——各個部分彼此配合、把一件工作實際做出來。它的拉丁字根 operari 就是「工作、出力」的意思，這個「正在出力做事」的畫面貫穿了所有意思：機器在運轉、公司在營運、計畫在執行。只要有一套配合好的動作正在被執行，那就是一個 operation。From the word’s history
From Latin 'operari' (to work, to labour), from 'opus' (work). The modern core of work-being-carried-out comes straight from this.
來自拉丁文 operari（工作、出力），源自 opus（工作、作品）。現代「一套工作正在被執行」的核心畫面比較像直接從這裡來的。
Online Etymology Dictionary (etymonline.com), 'operation'
Four branches
事業與營運（把「運作」放到組織上）
一間公司就像一台大機器，需要持續運轉才活著；於是「運作」這個畫面套到組織上，既指它日常的運轉（營運），也指被當成一個運轉單位來看的這個事業本身。
business running · noun · B1
The work a business or organization does, or the fact that it is running.
營運
有計畫的大行動（一群人配合執行）
把「各部分配合著運轉」從機器或公司放大到一群人身上：為了一個目標，大家照計畫一起動起來，這整套被執行的協調動作比較像一場 operation。
planned action · noun · B1
A set of planned actions done together to reach a particular goal.
行動
手術（醫生對身體進行的操作）
手術可以想成醫生在身體上「執行的一套操作」：切開、修補、取出，每一步都照計畫進行——這正是「一套被執行的動作」這個核心，落在病人身體上的特例。
surgery · noun · B1
A medical act where a doctor cuts into someone's body to fix or take out a part that is hurt or sick.
手術
原始詞典資料10 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
operationnoun/ˌɒp.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/
- 1
The method by which a device performs its function.
- It is dangerous to look at the beam of a laser while it is in operation.
- 2
The method or practice by which actions are done.
- 3
The act or process of operating (verb): agency; the exertion of power, physical, mechanical, or moral.
- the pain and sickness caused by manna are confessedly nothing but the effects of its operations on the stomach and guts.
- Speculative painting, without the assistance of manual operation, can never attain to perfection.
- 4
A planned undertaking.
- The police ran an operation to get vagrants off the streets.
- The Katrina relief operation was considered botched.
- 5
A business or organization.
- We run our operation from a storefront.
- They run a multinational produce-supply operation.
- 6
medicinesciencesA surgical procedure.
- She had an operation to remove her appendix.
- This done, ſhe performs the very ſame Operation on the other Side of the Cock's Body, and there takes out the other Stone; then ſhe ſtitches up the Wounds, and lets the Fowl go about as at other Times, till the Capon is fatted in a Coup, which is commonly done from Chriſtmas to Candlemas, and after.
- 7
computingengineeringhuman-sciencesA procedure for generating a value from one or more other values (the operands).
- The number of operands associated with an operation is called its arity; an operation of arity 2 is called a binary operation.
- 8
computingengineeringhuman-sciencesA procedure for generating a value from one or more other values (the operands).
另外 2 個記錄的用法
- 9
governmentmilitarypoliticsA military campaign (e.g. Operation Desert Storm).
- 10
obsoleteEffect produced; influence.
- The bards […] had great operation on the vulgar.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。