核心畫面

One name, carried to different things. Mohawk begins as the name of a people living in the Mohawk River valley. From that one name everything else follows: one person of that people, the language they speak, and — written with a small m — a haircut that English calls by the same name. When you meet the word, the first question is not what does it mean but which of these it is pointing at, and the capital letter is usually the clue.

Mohawk 可以想成一個「名字」先立在那裡:住在 Mohawk 河谷的那個民族的族名。之後這個名字被帶到別的東西上更多收起Mohawk 可以想成一個「名字」先立在那裡:住在 Mohawk 河谷的那個民族的族名。之後這個名字被帶到別的東西上。帶到一個人身上,就是族人。帶到他們說的話上,就是族語。寫成小寫,還被拿去叫一種髮型。所以讀到這個字的時候,先看的不是「它是什麼意思」,而是「它指向哪一個」。大小寫常常就是線索。

From the word’s history

The name came into English through Dutch, and is probably an exonym — a name given from outside — going back to a Narragansett word. The Mohawk language itself has no m sound, and the people's own name for themselves is Kanienʼkehá꞉ka, so the English name was never theirs to begin with.

這個名字是經由荷蘭文進入英文的,來源可能是 Narragansett 語,也就是別人給的稱呼。莫霍克語本身沒有 m 這個音,族人自己的名字是 Kanienʼkehá꞉ka。所以英文裡的 Mohawk 一開始就不是族人自己的說法。

Wiktionary entry for Mohawk, supplied in this packet (source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:399671452:10041)

Two branches

族群、族人與語言

這一組就是名字本來的家。先有整個民族,再從民族分出「一個族人」和「他們說的話」。三個意思用的是同一個字,差別幾乎都寫在冠詞上:the Mohawk 是整個民族,a Mohawk 是一個人,什麼都不加的 Mohawk 是語言。

noun · B2

The Mohawk people taken together as one nation — a Native American people of the Mohawk River valley in New York State, and the easternmost of the five nations that made up the Iroquois.

莫霍克族(整個民族)

髮型

英文把同一個字拿去叫一種髮型,而且通常寫成小寫。名字怎麼被借過去的,本卷的資料沒有交代,所以這裡只說兩者共用一個字,不主張誰從誰衍生出來。實際使用上這兩邊幾乎不會混:大寫講人,小寫講頭髮。

noun · B1

A hairstyle in which the hair on both sides of the head is shaved off and a strip of hair along the top, running from the front of the head to the back, is left long and usually made to stand straight up.

雞冠頭