One way to hold this word: a heavy pot over a fire, with pieces of different metal dropped into it. Each piece arrives with its own shape and its own colour. The heat takes those shapes away. What is left is one hot liquid that belongs to all of them and to none of them, and while it is still hot, it can become anything. Everything else the word does is this pot, used about something that is not metal.
From the word’s history
Wiktionary's note on this entry says the expression was popularized by the British writer Israel Zangwill in his 1908 play The Melting Pot. That is a note about how the figurative use spread, not a claim about where the two ordinary words came from.
來源資料只說了一件事：這個說法之所以流行，跟英國作家 Israel Zangwill 1908 年的劇本 The Melting Pot 有關。這是在講「比喻用法怎麼傳開」，不是在講 melt 和 pot 這兩個字的字源。
Wiktionary, "melting pot"
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