- 1
Jurisdiction is two close ideas that live in one word. First, it is the official right to make legal decisions — a court, a police force, or a government is allowed to act. Second, it is the area where that right exists: a city, a country, the sea, or even one kind of case (only tax, only family, only this island).
Jurisdiction Jurisdiction是 two close ideas兩個很接近的概念 that live in one word住在同一個字裡. First第一, it它是 the official right to make legal decisions做法律決定的正式權力——a court, a police force, or a government法院、警察機關或政府 is allowed to act被允許採取行動. Second第二, it它是 the area where that right exists那個權力存在的範圍: a city, a country, the sea一座城市、一個國家、海域, or或甚至 even one kind of case只是某一類案件 (only tax, only family, only this island只有稅務、只有家事、只有這座島).
If a court has no jurisdiction, it cannot hear the case, however angry people are.
If如果 a court一個法院 has no jurisdiction沒有jurisdiction, it它 cannot hear the case就不能受理這個案子, however不管 angry people are人們有多生氣.
The word is formal. You meet it in news about courts, borders, and who is in charge.
The word這個字是 formal正式. You你 meet it會遇到它 in news about courts, borders, and who is in charge在關於法院、邊界、由誰負責的新聞裡.
Though actually, it is not a fancy for “country.” A small local court has jurisdiction too; it just has a small map.
Though actually不過事實上, it它 is not不是 a fancy synonym for "country""country"（國家）的花俏同義詞. A small local court一個小型的地方法院 has jurisdiction too也有jurisdiction; it它 just只是 has a small map範圍比較小.
組成From Latin iūrisdictiō: iūris (of law) + dictiō (speaking / declaring). In English you can still see juris + diction: the “saying of the law.”
同家族的字
- juridicalsame Latin iūris, “of law”
- jurisprudencesame iūris piece
- juryfrom the same Latin iūs family (law / swearing an oath)
原始詞典資料5 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
jurisdictionnoun/d͡ʒʊɹɪsˈdɪkʃən/
- 1
The power, right, or authority to interpret and apply the law.
- legal jurisdiction
- The case falls outside the court’s jurisdiction.
- 2
The power or right to exercise authority.
- outside the jurisdiction of
- 3
The power or right to perform some action as part of applying the law.
- Police officers have no jurisdiction in that district.
- The Fife County Council, and other objectors, were successful in July [1950] in obtaining an interim interdict against this decision, but the Court of Session withdrew the interdict in January, and it was then stated that a civil court had no jurisdiction in the matter.
- 4
The authority of a sovereign power to govern or legislate.
- Thus fell that glorious Minion of Edward the Second, who for a time appeared liked [sic.] a blazing Comet, and sway'd the jurisdiction of the state of England, and her Confederates.
- 5
The limits or territory within which authority may be exercised.
- The United Kingdom consists of three jurisdictions: England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
- The ability to shift profits to low-tax countries by locating intellectual property in them[…]is often assumed to be the preserve of high-tech companies.[…]current tax rules make it easy for all sorts of firms to generate[…]“stateless income”: profit subject to tax in a jurisdiction that is neither the location of the factors of production that generate the income nor where the parent firm is domiciled.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。