- 1管轄權;管轄範圍
Jurisdiction is two close ideas that live in one word. First, it is the official right to make legal decisions — a court, a police force, or a government is allowed to act. Second, it is the area where that right exists: a city, a country, the sea, or even one kind of case (only tax, only family, only this island). If a court has no jurisdiction, it cannot hear the case, however angry people are. The word is formal. You meet it in news about courts, borders, and who is in charge. Though actually, it is not a fancy for “country.” A small local court has jurisdiction too; it just has a small map.
From the word’s history
Borrowed from Latin iūrisdictiō.
借自拉丁文 iūrisdictiō。
組成From Latin iūrisdictiō: iūris (of law) + dictiō (speaking / declaring). In English you can still see juris + diction: the “saying of the law.”
同家族的字
- juridicalsame Latin iūris, “of law”
- jurisprudencesame iūris piece
- juryfrom the same Latin iūs family (law / swearing an oath)
原始詞典資料5 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,摘錄並精簡格式,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
jurisdictionnoun/d͡ʒʊɹɪsˈdɪkʃən/
- 1
The power, right, or authority to interpret and apply the law.
- legal jurisdiction
- The case falls outside the court’s jurisdiction.
- 2
The power or right to exercise authority.
- outside the jurisdiction of
- 3
The power or right to perform some action as part of applying the law.
- Police officers have no jurisdiction in that district.
- The Fife County Council, and other objectors, were successful in July [1950] in obtaining an interim interdict against this decision, but the Court of Session withdrew the interdict in January, and it was then stated that a civil court had no jurisdiction in the matter.
- 4
The authority of a sovereign power to govern or legislate.
- Thus fell that glorious Minion of Edward the Second, who for a time appeared liked [sic.] a blazing Comet, and sway'd the jurisdiction of the state of England, and her Confederates.
- 5
The limits or territory within which authority may be exercised.
- The United Kingdom consists of three jurisdictions: England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
- The ability to shift profits to low-tax countries by locating intellectual property in them[…]is often assumed to be the preserve of high-tech companies.[…]current tax rules make it easy for all sorts of firms to generate[…]“stateless income”: profit subject to tax in a jurisdiction that is neither the location of the factors of production that generate the income nor where the parent firm is domiciled.
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary,已精簡格式;依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用,改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。