喜樂美語

核心畫面

Picture a short coat you pull on over what you are already wearing: it stops around the waist or hips, it has sleeves, and it buttons or zips up the front. Its place is always the outside layer, and its job is to sit round the thing inside — you — and keep it safe and warm. Every other kind of jacket is that same outer layer, wrapped round something that is not a person.

可以想成一件短短的外套：長度大概到腰或臀，有袖子，前面用扣子或拉鍊合起來。它的位置永遠是最外面那一層，工作就是包住裡…更多收起可以想成一件短短的外套：長度大概到腰或臀，有袖子，前面用扣子或拉鍊合起來。它的位置永遠是最外面那一層，工作就是包住裡面的東西——也就是你——擋風、保暖、保護。jacket 其他的用法，一種想法是把同一件事搬到別的東西身上：物品外面包的那一層。

From the word’s history

'Jacket' comes into English in the mid-15th century from Old French jaquet, a diminutive of jaque, a kind of short tunic; where jaque itself came from is not settled. The 'paper wrapper of a book' sense is recorded by 1886 — so the covering senses really are the garment sense being lent out to objects, not a separate word.

jacket 在 15 世紀中期從古法文 jaquet 進入英文，是 jaque（一種短上衣）的小稱形式；jaque 再往上的來源並沒有定論。「書的紙封套」這個意思到 1886 年才有紀錄——也就是說，包在物品外面的那幾個用法，確實是「衣服」這個意思後來借出去的，不是另外一個字。

Online Etymology Dictionary — https://www.etymonline.com/word/jacket

From the picture

包在物品外面保護的一層

外套的工作是「待在最外面、包住裡面、保護裡面」。把「裡面」從人換成一本書、一張唱片、一台機器，這個字就整個搬過去用了——在英文裡，物品也可以穿外套。這幾個意思都是可拆下、可替換的一層，跟本體是分開的。

book cover · noun · A1

A stiff paper cover that folds over the outside of a book to keep it clean and protect it.

書套 / 書衣

Also in this word

short coat · noun · A1

A short coat that covers the top half of your body and your arms, usually with buttons or a zip at the front.

夾克 / 外套

suit jacket · noun · A1

The top part of a suit, worn over a shirt to cover the upper half of your body.

西裝上衣

原始詞典資料13 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

jacketnoun/ˈd͡ʒæk.ɪt/

  • 1

    businessclothingfashionAny of certain types of outerwear.

  • 2

    businessclothingfashionAny of certain types of outerwear.

  • 3

    businessclothingfashionAny of certain types of outerwear.

  • 4

    businessclothingfashionAny of certain types of outerwear.

  • 5

    businessclothingfashionAny of certain types of outerwear.

    • He's hoping to earn his jacket this year.
  • 6

    businessclothingfashionAny of certain types of outerwear.

  • 7

    A protective or insulating cover for an object (e.g. a book, bullet, hot water tank, vinyl record).

  • 8

    governmentmilitarypoliticsA protective or insulating cover for an object (e.g. a book, bullet, hot water tank, vinyl record).

另外 3 個記錄的用法
  • 9

    cookingfoodlifestyleA protective or insulating cover for an object (e.g. a book, bullet, hot water tank, vinyl record).

    • Cook the potatoes in their jackets.
    • Breakfast was composed of a meal which reminded me of a linseed poultice; for dinner there were potatoes boiled in their jackets with beef saltier than the ocean itself.
  • 10

    slanggovernmentlaw-enforcementA police record.

    • We got a crowd of black, white customers, out-of-state license plates, what have you. Somebody gonna check that out. They gonna drop a dime on me, call 911. And you know with my jacket I can't go back to jail.
    • Yo's jacket shows possession with intent, possession of unlicensed firearm, and assault, for which he still owes three years.
  • 11

    A bastard child, in particular one whose father is unaware that he is not the child’s biological father.

jacketverb/ˈd͡ʒæk.ɪt/

  • 1

    To confine (someone) to a straitjacket.

    • ‘None of your gab, I tell you! If you speak another word, I'll have you jacketed[…]!’
  • 2

    To enclose or encase in a jacket or other covering.

    • ...to...prevent...the loss of heat...there is also a layer of silicate cotton or slag wool. This latter material is also employed to jacket the chimney for a certain portion of its length.
    • By jacketting the mercury tube determinations can be made at any temperature desired.

資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。