核心畫面

Picture someone you go to when something is wrong and needs putting right — a person whose job is to look at a problem closely and fix it. That fixing-hand splits two ways: the trusted who a sick body, and (as a verb) a hidden hand that quietly works on something to change it.

可以想成一個「你出了問題就去找的人」:他的工作就是仔細看一個毛病,然後把它弄好。這隻「修補的手」後來分成兩條路——一更多收起可以想成一個「你出了問題就去找的人」:他的工作就是仔細看一個毛病,然後把它弄好。這隻「修補的手」後來分成兩條路——一條是受人信任、把生病的身體醫好的人;另一條(當動詞時)變成一隻暗中動手、悄悄改動某樣東西的手。

From the word’s history

From Latin 'doctor' = teacher (from 'docere', to teach) — originally one learned enough to teach; hence the academic 'doctor' (highest degree), which later in everyday use came to mean the medical healer.

源自拉丁文 doctor,意思是「老師」(來自 docere=教導),本來指學問高到可以教人的人;所以「博士」這個學位義其實是最早的源頭,後來在日常用語裡才轉成「醫生」這個治病的人。

Online Etymology Dictionary (etymonline.com), s.v. 'doctor'

Three branches

看病的人(醫生)

這是最常見、最具體的畫面:一個受過訓練、專門把生病或受傷的人弄好的人。核心那隻「把毛病弄好的手」在這裡就是醫生的手——你身體出狀況,就去找他。

medical doctor · noun · A1

Someone who is trained to help people who are sick or hurt.

醫生

有最高學位的人(博士)

這條其實是字源最老的一支:doctor 本來指「學問高到能教人的人」。它跟醫生那支同源但走的是學術路——把「精通到能教人」這層意思留了下來。

PhD holder · noun · A1

Someone who has the highest degree a university can give.

博士

動手腳(動詞)

動詞這支把名詞「醫生會在東西上動手把它弄好」的動作借過來,但翻成負面:不是光明正大地修,而是偷偷在東西上動手——同樣是「對某物施工改造」,只是出於不老實的目的。

falsify/tamper with · verb · A1

To dishonestly change something so that you get an unfair advantage.

竄改 / 動手腳

原始詞典資料19 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

DOCTORphrase/ˈdɒktə/

  • 1

    A mnemonic to help remember the difference between the Spanish verbs ser and estar (both meaning "to be"); ser is generally used for: Descriptions, Occupations, Characteristics, Times, Origins, and Relationships.

    • SER is used to classify or identify attributes like, description, occupation, characteristic, time, origin or relationship. The acronym D-O-C-T-O-R could be helpful to remember it.
    • You can use the acronyms DOCTOR and PLACE to help you remember ser vs. estar, particularly for more specific cases when you’re not sure which verb to use.

Doctornoun

  • 1

    The title of an academic or medical doctor; used before or instead of the doctor's name.

    • The students asked to see Doctor Jones.
    • Doctor Smith carried out the medical procedure.

doctornoun/ˈdɒktə(ɹ)/

  • 1

    A physician; a member of the medical profession; one who is trained and licensed to heal the sick or injured. The final examination and qualification may award a doctor degree in which case the post-nominal letters are DO, DPM, MD, DMD, or DDS in the US, or MBBS or BDS in the UK.

    • If you still feel unwell tomorrow, see your doctor.
    • By medicine life may be prolonged, yet death / Will seize the doctor too.
  • 2

    A person who has attained a doctorate, such as a Ph.D. or Th.D. or one of many other terminal degrees conferred by a college or university.

  • 3

    A veterinarian; a medical practitioner who treats non-human animals.

  • 4

    A nickname for a person who has special knowledge or talents to manipulate or arrange transactions.

  • 5

    obsoleteA teacher; one skilled in a profession or a branch of knowledge; a learned man.

    • So from that tyme forwarde I began to ſmell the word of god, and forſoke the ſchole doctors and ſuch foolries.
    • one of the doctors of Italy, Nicholas Macciavel
  • 6

    datedAny mechanical contrivance intended to remedy a difficulty or serve some purpose in an exigency.

    • the doctor of a calico-printing machine, which is a knife to remove superfluous colouring matter
    • the doctor, or auxiliary engine, also called "donkey engine"
  • 7

    A fish, the friar skate.

  • 8

    obsoleteA witchdoctor.

    • [T]he material operation is that the doctor would catch a certain species of lizard under particular circumstances at a particular time. He would croon over it the name of the man while gently rattling his ‘devil bones,’ thus calling up the evil spirit that follows these particular charmed bones.
另外 1 個記錄的用法
  • 9

    obsoleteslangnauticaltransportA ship's cook.

    • […] old Scotch Jem the boatswain, tunes his fiddle, and the doctor, (ship's cook,) produces his tambourine; the men dance on deck, […]
    • His galley is small, and, microscopic as it is, it is shared by his brother in misery, the ship's cook, he whom the crew familiarly know as the “Doctor.”

doctorverb/ˈdɒktə(ɹ)/

  • 1

    To act as a medical doctor to.

    • Her children doctored her back to health.
  • 2

    To act as a medical doctor.

    • 2017, "Do No Harm", season 8, episode 2 of Adventure Time Doctor Princess: Put this on. [gives her lab coat to Finn] OK, you're a doctor now. Good luck. Finn: Wait, wait, whoa, whoa, whoa, wait! I don't know how to doctor!
  • 3

    To make (someone) into an (academic) doctor; to confer a doctorate upon.

  • 4

    To physically alter (medically or surgically) a living being in order to change growth or behavior.

    • They doctored their apple trees by vigorous pruning, and now the dwarfed trees are easier to pick.
    • We may legally doctor a pet to reduce its libido.
  • 5

    To genetically alter an extant species.

    • Mendel's discoveries showed how the evolution of a species may be doctored.
  • 6

    To alter or make obscure, as with the intention to deceive, especially a document.

    • To doctor the signature of an instrument with intent to defraud is an example of forgery.
    • That picture – the one that Andrew claimed on BBC’s Newsnight might have been doctored, since he had “no recollection” of then or ever meeting Giuffre at Tramp nightclub in London – will likely serve as both a prequel and postscript of the saga.
  • 7

    To adulterate, drug, or poison (drink).

    • There is no doubt that a few months ago Creake deliberately planned to poison her with some weed-killer. […] The gist of it was that she had the strongest suspicion that Creake doctored a bottle of stout which he expected she would drink for her supper when she was alone.
  • 8

    obsoleteTo take medicine.

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。