A PhD is a university degree of a very high level. You do not only sit in class: you spend years on your own research and write a long piece of work that is supposed to add something new.

A PhD一個PhD is a university degree of a very high level是一種非常高階的大學學位。You你 do not only sit in class不是只坐在教室裡上課：you spend years on your own research你要花好幾年做自己的研究，and write a long piece of work that is supposed to add something new並寫出一篇長長的論文，而且要對這個領域加入一些新東西

When someone “has a PhD in history,” they finished that path. People also put PhD after a name, or use the title Doctor.

When someone 'has a PhD in history,'當有人「has a PhD in history」，they finished that path就表示他完成了那個過程。People人們 also put PhD after a name也會把PhD放在名字後面，or use the title Doctor或用Doctor這個頭銜

Though actually, the letters come from Latin for “teacher of philosophy” — but today you can earn a PhD in chemistry, music, education, almost any field, not only philosophy. The “philosophy” in the name is an old use, meaning serious study.

Though actually不過事實上，the letters come from Latin for 'teacher of philosophy'這幾個字母來自拉丁文的「哲學教師」──but today you can earn a PhD in chemistry, music, education, almost any field, not only philosophy但現在你可以在化學、音樂、教育，幾乎任何領域拿到PhD，不是只有哲學。The 'philosophy' in the name名字裡的「philosophy」 is an old use, meaning serious study是一個舊用法，意思是嚴謹的研究

American writing often uses Ph.D. with dots; British writing usually uses PhD without them, and a few universities (Oxford is the famous one) say DPhil for the same kind of degree. In speech people say the letters one by one, P-H-D.

American writing美式寫法 often uses Ph.D. with dots常常用有點的Ph.D.；British writing英式寫法 usually uses PhD without them通常用沒有點的PhD，and a few universities (Oxford is the famous one)而少數大學（牛津是最有名的一個） say DPhil for the same kind of degree用DPhil來稱呼同一種學位。In speech在口說時 people say the letters one by one, P-H-D人們會一個字母一個字母唸，P-H-D

Everyday talk: “She’s doing her PhD” means she is still on that course. It names a proud, formal achievement, but the letters themselves are ordinary in conversation.

Everyday talk日常對話裡：'She's doing her PhD'「She's doing her PhD」 means she is still on that course意思是她還在念那個學位。It它 names a proud, formal achievement算是一個令人驕傲、正式的成就，but the letters themselves are ordinary in conversation但這幾個字母本身在對話裡很平常