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Defeatism is not a person. It is the habit of mind that says we will lose before the work is even done — expecting failure, talking as if success is impossible, and sometimes helping that failure along by giving up early. A person who lives in that mind is a defeatist; the - is the attitude. The modern word took its punch around 1915 from French défaitisme, when writers needed a name for accepting (or even wanting) your own side's defeat. Today people use it more loosely, for any gloomy what's the point? mood at work, in sport, or in class. It is usually a criticism: nobody likes to be told they are spreading defeatism.
失敗主義
組成From defeat + -ism, after French défaitisme, coined in 1915 by the Russian writer Grigorij Aleksinskij as a translation of Russian пораже́нчество (poražénčestvo), which he also coined from порази́ть (porazítʹ, to strike, defeat).
原始詞典資料1 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
defeatismnoun/dɪˈfiːtɪzəm/
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Acceptance of defeat without struggle.
- Objective assessment is good, but defeatism will reduce our potentials even when the prospects for victory have never been nearer.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。