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The cosmos is everything that exists — all the stars, all the space, all the matter and time — but the word carries a feeling that a plain word like 'universe' does not. When you say 'the cosmos', you are thinking of it as one whole thing that hangs together, that has an order to it, that makes some kind of sense.
The cosmos is everything that exists宇宙,也就是 cosmos,指的是一切存在的東西 — all the stars, all the space, all the matter and time所有的星星、所有的太空、所有的物質和時間 — but the word carries a feeling但這個字帶有一種感覺 that a plain word like 'universe' does not是像 'universe' 這種平實的字所沒有的. When you say 'the cosmos'當你說 'the cosmos', you are thinking of it as one whole thing that hangs together你是把它當成一個緊密相連的整體, that has an order to it是有秩序的, that makes some kind of sense是說得通的.
That feeling is old: the Greek word it comes from meant 'order' first and 'universe' second, and the same root gave us 'cosmetics' (things that put a face in good order). So a scientist who says 'the cosmos' is usually being a little poetic, or a little philosophical, on purpose.
That feeling is old這種感覺很古老: the Greek word it comes from meant 'order' first and 'universe' second它源自的希臘字原本第一個意思是「秩序」,第二個才是「宇宙」, and the same root gave us 'cosmetics'而同一個字根也給了我們 'cosmetics' 這個字,也就是化妝品, things that put a face in good order那是把臉弄得整整齊齊的東西. So a scientist who says 'the cosmos'所以一個科學家如果說 'the cosmos', is usually being a little poetic, or a little philosophical, on purpose通常是刻意講得有點詩意,或有點哲學味.
'Universe' is the everyday and the technical word; 'cosmos' is what you reach for in a book title, a documentary, a poem, or a sentence where you want the reader to feel small and the sky to feel big. You will meet it most in writing, and in phrases like 'our place in the cosmos'. It almost always takes 'the'.
'Universe' is the everyday and the technical word'universe' 是日常和技術上通用的字; 'cosmos' is what you reach for'cosmos' 則是你會用在 in a book title, a documentary, a poem書名、紀錄片、詩裡的字, or a sentence where you want the reader to feel small and the sky to feel big或是你想讓讀者感覺自己渺小、天空浩瀚的句子裡. You will meet it most in writing你最常在書面文字裡遇到它, and in phrases like 'our place in the cosmos'還有像 'our place in the cosmos' 這樣的說法. It almost always takes 'the'它幾乎都會加 'the'.
There is also a completely separate 'cosmos' — a garden flower with thin leaves and flat pink or white , common in Taiwan in autumn fields. Same Greek word, but for its neat, ordered look. That one is a plant, not this sense; if a sentence is about planting or , it is the flower.
There is also a completely separate 'cosmos'還有一個完全不同的 'cosmos' — a garden flower with thin leaves and flat pink or white petals是一種葉子細細的花,花瓣扁平、粉紅或白色, common in Taiwan in autumn fields在台灣秋天的田野很常見. Same Greek word一樣的希臘字根, but for its neat, ordered look但取的是它整齊有序的外觀. That one is a plant, not this sense那個指的是植物,不是這個意思; if a sentence is about planting or blooming如果句子講的是種植或開花, it is the flower那就是花.
組成From Greek kosmos, which meant 'order, arrangement' and also 'ornament, decoration' — the universe was called this because the Greeks saw it as an orderly, beautifully arranged thing rather than a mess. English took it through Middle English from the Greek. Deeper back, scholars trace it to a Proto-Indo-European root meaning roughly 'to put in order, to announce'.
同家族的字
- cosmicthe adjective from the same Greek kosmos — 'of the cosmos'
- cosmeticalso from Greek kosmos, but from its other meaning 'ornament, arrangement' — cosmetics arrange the face
- cosmopolitankosmos 'world' + politēs 'citizen' — a citizen of the whole world
- microcosmGreek mikros 'small' + kosmos — a small world that mirrors the big one
原始詞典資料6 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
Cosmosname
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A city in Minnesota.
cosmosnoun詞源 1/ˈkɒzmɒs/
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The universe regarded as a system with harmony and order.
- This doctrine [the nebular hypothesis] supposes all the material universe to have been once in a fluid or nebular condition, and that, by the operation of universal gravitation and the thousand other laws of nature, the nebular matter has been mainly aggregated into masses, and the existing cosmoi been developed.
- It [the earth] was in the centre of the Kosmos; it remained stationary because of its equal distance from all parts of the outer revolving spheres; there was no cause determining it to move upward rather than downward or sideways, therefore it remained still. Its exhalations nourished the fire in the peripheral regions of the Kosmos.
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The universe regarded as a system with harmony and order.
- This simple cell is a cosmos in this respect: it represents the laws of the universe in changes of matter, and clearly exemplifies their workings in the oral cavity.
- Obviously, there are multiple cosmoses in the debate, out of which we picked four. The two first can be understood as compromise cosmoses. […] There is the cosmos of the reformer, which took by and large shape in the EDDP and which we entitled Public Future. Then there is the cosmos of the existing mode of ordering the city which by and large prevailed in the RDDP. […] Further, we present two cosmoses nurturing the strong opposition. They are both militant perspectives surging from the "civil society".
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Harmony, order.
- He [Frederick I of Prussia] founded Universities, this poor King; University of Halle; Royal Academy of Berlin, [Gottfried Wilhelm] Leibniz presiding: he fought for Protestantism;—did what he could for the cause of Cosmos versus Chaos, after his fashion.
cosmosnoun詞源 2/ˈkɒzmɒs/
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Any of various mostly Mexican herbs of the genus Cosmos having radiate heads of variously coloured flowers and pinnate leaves.
- This beautiful plant was discovered in Mexico, before 1789; as seeds of it sent to Madrid produced plants, which blossomed in that year in the Royal Botanic Garden of Spain. It was first described and figured in 1797, by [Antonio José] Cavanilles, who called it Cosmos, from the Greek word Kosmos, beautiful; but this name was afterwards altered by [Carl Ludwig] Willdenow to Cosmea, as being more consistent with the rules of botanical nomenclature.
- COSMOS DIVERSIFOLIUS; var. atro-sanguineus. Various-leaved Cosmos; deep blood-flowered var. […] Seeds of this plant were received by Mr. Thompson, of Ipswich, from Mexico. It is doubtless a handsome species of Cosmos. The question is if it can be safely referred to any described species.
這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形:
資料來源:英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary(CC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。