核心畫面

Picture a hand at someone's elbow, walking them along a route the guide already knows: this way, now here, mind the step. Leading something along a path is the thread. Lead a project and you are running it; lead an orchestra and you are conducting; lead yourself through a room full of watching people and that is your behaviour; and a metal wire that lets heat travel along it is doing the same job for the heat.

可以想成:一隻手扶在你的手肘上,帶著你走一條他早就熟悉的路:這邊走、現在到這裡、小心台階。「帶著某樣東西沿路走」是貫更多收起可以想成:一隻手扶在你的手肘上,帶著你走一條他早就熟悉的路:這邊走、現在到這裡、小心台階。「帶著某樣東西沿路走」是貫穿這個字的線。帶著一個案子走,就是執行;站在樂團前面帶,就是指揮;在眾人注視下帶著自己走,那就是你的舉止;而一條讓熱沿著自己走過去的金屬線,做的其實是同一件事。

From the word’s history

Conduct comes from Latin conducere 'to lead or bring together' (com- 'together' + ducere 'to lead'). Its earliest English use, in the early 15th century, was 'to guide, accompany and show the way'; 'manage, direct' follows by the mid-15th century, conducting music is attested from 1791, 'behave in a certain way' from around 1710, and the physics sense 'carry, convey, transmit' from 1740. The word is a doublet of conduit, the pipe that leads water along.

conduct 來自拉丁文 conducere「帶著一起走」(com-「一起」+ ducere「帶領」)。它在英文最早的用法(十五世紀初)就是「引路、陪著走、指出方向」;十五世紀中出現「管理、指揮」,1710 年前後出現「舉止如何」,1740 年出現物理上的「傳導」,帶樂團的用法則見於 1791 年。它跟 conduit(引水的管道)本是同一個字的兩種形式——那個「沿著一條路把東西帶過去」的畫面,一直都在。

Online Etymology Dictionary (etymonline.com), entry "conduct"

Four branches

帶著人走

最原始、最具體的一面:真的把人帶到某個地方去。

lead, escort someone · verb · B2

To take or lead someone to a place, especially in a polite or formal way.

引導 / 帶領

帶著一件事走完全程

被帶的不再是人,而是一整件事:從頭安排、一路執行到有結果。

carry out an activity · verb · B2

To plan and carry out an activity, especially to find out or prove something.

進行 / 執行

帶著自己走:舉止與品行

被帶的是自己:在別人看得到的場合,你把自己帶成什麼樣子,就是你的行為。

behavior over time · noun · B2

How someone acts over time, especially at work or in front of others.

行為 / 品行

讓電或熱沿著自己走

被帶的是能量:材料本身成了那條路,把熱或電從一端帶到另一端。

conduct electricity, heat · verb · B2

If a material conducts electricity or heat, it lets them travel along or through it.

傳導

原始詞典資料14 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

conductnoun/ˈkɒndʌkt/

  • 1

    The act or method of controlling or directing.

    • There are other restrictions imposed upon the conduct of war, not by the law of nature primarily, but by the laws of war first, and by the law of nature as seconding and ratifying the laws of war.
    • the conduct of the state, the administration of its affairs, its policy, and its laws, are for more uncertain
  • 2

    Skillful guidance or management.

    • If thou wilt ſtay with me renowmed man, / And lead thy thouſand horſe with my conduct, / Beſides thy ſhare of this Egyptian prize, / Thoſe thouſand horſe shall ſweat with martiall ſpoyle / Of conquered kingdomes, and of Cities ſackt, […]
    • 1722 (first printed) Edmund Waller, Poems, &c. written upon several occasions, and to several persons Conduct of armies is a prince's art.
  • 3

    Behaviour; the manner of behaving.

    • Good conduct will be rewarded and likewise poor conduct will be punished.
    • when she came to recall the affectionate and natural manner of the young Indian girl, and all the evidences of good faith and sincerity she had seen in her conduct during the familiar intercourse of their journey, she rejected the idea with the unwillingness of a generous disposition to believe ill of others
  • 4

    Plot.

    • The book of Job, indeed, in conduct and diction, bears a considerable resemblance to some of his dramas.
  • 5

    obsoleteConvoy; escort; person who accompanies another.

    • I will be your conduct.
    • In my conduct shall your ladies come.
  • 6

    archaicSomething which carries or conveys anything; a channel; an instrument; a conduit.

    • although thou hast been conduct of my chame
  • 7

    A priest hired to hold services without secure title; now a chaplain.

    • […] at this present it is one of the most goodly and uniform Colledges in Europe; wherein is a Master, 60 Fellows, 67 scholars, 4 Conducts, 3 Publique Professours […] besides officers and servants of the foundation, with many other students, being in all 440.
    • Cory in 1722 obtained a licence of non-residence from Bishop Fleetwood, his patron, he being at that time one of the conducts, or chaplains, of King’s College.

conductverb/kənˈdʌkt/

  • 1

    archaicTo lead, or guide; to escort.

    • I can conduct you, lady, to a low / But loyal cottage, where you may be safe.
  • 2

    To lead; to direct; to be in charge of (people or tasks)

    • The commander conducted thousands of troops.
    • to conduct the affairs of a kingdom
  • 3

    To behave.

    • He conducted himself well.
  • 4

    To serve as a medium for conveying; to transmit (heat, light, electricity, etc.)

    • Water and many other liquids do not conduct heat well. Wildland fuels in general, wood, and wood products conduct heat slowly, and so do soil and rocks.
    • The metal easily conducts electricity and doesn't rust in water, properties that have made it valuable in uses from household plumbing and electric wiring
  • 5

    entertainmentlifestylemusicTo direct, as the leader in the performance of a musical composition.

    • For a while, Walter Pohlmann, a well-known German conductor, conducted the orchestra in Compound 3. Later, Willi Mets, who had conducted the world-renowned Leipzig Symphony Orchestra, conducted the Compound 3 orchestra.
  • 6

    To act as a conductor (as of heat, electricity, etc.); to carry.

  • 7

    To carry out (something organized)

    • The world's largest surveyor of deepwater oil fields won a contract to conduct a survey of the French Gulf of Lion to map sand reserves.

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。