核心畫面

Take everything a war has except the shooting, and you have this word. Two sides call each other the enemy. They build weapons, send spies, cut off trade, and pull other countries onto their side. Year after year nothing is . That is what cold is doing here: the hostility is real, the heat is missing. English then uses the same two words twice — once for any relationship of that shape, and once, capitalised, for the one that shaped the second half of the twentieth century.

把一場戰爭該有的東西都留著,只抽掉開火,剩下的就是這個詞。兩邊互相把對方叫做敵人。造武器、派間諜、切斷貿易、拉別的國更多收起把一場戰爭該有的東西都留著,只抽掉開火,剩下的就是這個詞。兩邊互相把對方叫做敵人。造武器、派間諜、切斷貿易、拉別的國家站到自己這邊。一年過一年,卻始終沒有真的打起來。cold 做的就是這件事:敵意是真的,火沒有。接著英文用同樣兩個字做了兩件事——小寫時泛指任何一段這種關係,大寫加 the 時,專指二十世紀後半那一場。

From the word’s history

Coined by the American journalist Herbert Bayard Swope in 1947, in a speech he wrote for Bernard Baruch. The common noun cold war was then back-formed from that proper name.

來源資料記載,Cold War 是美國記者 Herbert Bayard Swope 在一九四七年造的,寫在他替 Bernard Baruch 起草的演講稿裡。小寫的普通名詞 cold war,是後來從這個專有名詞反推出來的。這解釋了為什麼兩個意思共用一個畫面:先有那一場,才有那一類。

Wiktionary entries for Cold War (coinage by Herbert Bayard Swope, 1947) and cold war (back-formation from the proper noun), supplied in the evidence packet

Two branches

沒有開火的敵對

詞的一般用法:任何一段有敵意卻不開火的關係。

noun · B2

A long, unfriendly relationship between two countries or groups who treat each other as enemies — with threats, spying and pressure — but who do not actually fight each other.

冷戰(國際對立)

那一場:大寫的 the Cold War

同一個畫面,指定到歷史上那一場;形式上靠 the 和大寫來標記。

noun · B2

The Cold War: the long period of hostility after the Second World War between the United States and its allies on one side and the Soviet Union and its allies on the other, running from 1945 to 1991, in which the two sides never fought each other directly.

冷戰時期(美蘇對立)