In the sense here, a churchwoman is a woman priest — a woman ordained to lead services — the female pair of churchman when that word means a clergyman. You will not hear churchwoman as often as priest, vicar, minister, or pastor; those are the words people reach for. The word is rather formal and a little old-fashioned. Though actually, in a lot of older writing churchwoman simply means a woman who belongs to the church and takes that belonging seriously, not necessarily someone who wears a collar. In Taiwan a woman who leads a Protestant or Anglican church is usually called 女牧師. The Catholic church does not ordain women as priests, so mapping this onto 女神父 will mislead you.