核心畫面

One way to picture it: two language tracks running side by side, not one replacing the other. The two can live in a person (someone who moves in both) or in a thing (a sign, a book, a school that puts both languages out at once).

兩條語言的軌道同時在跑,而不是一條軌道換成另一條。bi- 是「二」,lingual 來自「舌頭」,合起來就是「兩個舌更多收起兩條語言的軌道同時在跑,而不是一條軌道換成另一條。bi- 是「二」,lingual 來自「舌頭」,合起來就是「兩個舌頭都在用」。這個「二」可以長在人身上(一個人能用兩種語言活動),也可以長在東西或場所上(一份文件、一塊路牌、一座城市,同時把兩種語言擺出來)。

From the word’s history

Latin bilinguis = bi- (two) + lingua (tongue, language), literally "having two tongues" — which is still exactly what the word does today, whether the two tongues belong to a person or to a document.

拉丁文 bilinguis 由 bi-(二)+ lingua(舌頭、語言)組成,字面就是「有兩條舌頭的」。這個字面義直接說明了現代用法的兩種落點:舌頭長在人身上,就是會說兩種語言的人;把「兩種語言」理解成內容,就是同時以兩種語言呈現的東西。

Wiktionary, "bilingual" (from Latin bilinguis + -al)

One branch

兩種語言並列的人事物

這一族把「兩」放在人身上與放在東西上兩種落點都收進來,差別只在那兩條語言軌道是由誰承載。

speaks two languages · adjective · C1

Able to speak two languages equally well.

會兩種語言

原始詞典資料5 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

bilingualadj/baɪˈlɪŋ.ɡwəl/

  • 1

    Having the ability to speak two languages fluently.

    • He thinks it's chic to have a bilingual wife.
    • Since she is bilingual she has them written in both English and Spanish.
  • 2

    Spoken or written in two different languages.

    • a bilingual dictionary
    • All signage in and around the station is bilingual in Welsh and English, while station announcements and passenger information screens provide real-time information.
  • 3

    Characterized by the use or presence of two languages.

    • bilingual education
    • Ocasio-Cortez’s trolling went bilingual in November when a Fox News show, “The Story,” had a prime-time discussion about Ocasio-Cortez’s shoes, including an acknowledgment that the network spent a lot of time talking about a woman who had not even been sworn into Congress yet.

bilingualnoun/baɪˈlɪŋ.ɡwəl/

  • 1

    A person who is able to use two languages.

    • Imagine that you had to figure out the lexicon and grammar of a language that you did not know. How would you go about trying to figure out the structure of that language? It would be enormously helpful to have a bilingual speaker of your language and the new language: With a bilingual, you can agree on rough translations of morphemes and words (although their usages would be potentially different between the languages, and even across speakers).
    • Most striking, numerous studies have even shown that bilinguals undergo a later onset of dementia, perhaps of around four years, on average. But some of these studies have failed to replicate, leaving experts wondering whether the effect is real, and if so, what exactly it consists of.
  • 2

    An inscription that includes the same text in two languages.

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。