核心畫面

Picture a set of identical units lined up and working as one — cells stacked in a case, guns ranged side by side, cages in a row, tests given one after another. That is the shape the word keeps. Its oldest sense, the crime of beating someone, comes from the same root but through a different path: not a set of things, but a raining of blows.

可以想成:一排一模一樣的單元,被排在一起、當成一整組來用——電池格排在殼裡、大砲並列在陣地上、雞籠排成長排、一項接一更多收起可以想成:一排一模一樣的單元,被排在一起、當成一整組來用——電池格排在殼裡、大砲並列在陣地上、雞籠排成長排、一項接一項的檢測。這是這個字保留下來的形狀。至於它最古老的法律意思「毆擊」,來自同一個字根但走的是另一條路:不是「一整排東西」,而是「一下一下打下去」。

From the word’s history

From French batterie, Old French baterie "beating, thrashing, assault", from Latin battuere "to beat, strike". The legal "unlawful beating" sense came first; French shifted it from "bombardment" to "unit of artillery" (English 1550s), and the electrical sense (c.1748, used by Benjamin Franklin) came from the artillery sense via the idea of discharges.

來自法文 batterie、古法文 baterie「打、痛擊」,源頭是拉丁文 battuere「打、擊」。最早進入英文的是法律上的「毆擊」;法文把它從「砲擊」轉成「一組砲」,英文在 1550 年代收下這個用法;電池的意思大約 1748 年出現(富蘭克林用過),是從「一組砲」經由「一次次放電」的聯想而來。所以「打」和「一整組」其實是同一條線上的前後段。

Online Etymology Dictionary (etymonline.com/word/battery)

From the picture

法律上的毆擊

這一支保留的是字根裡「打」的原意,跟「一整組」那條線分開走,所以不必硬從電池去推它。

battery (assault, law) · noun · A2

In law, the crime of hitting or touching someone in a way that hurts them.

毆擊罪(法律)

Also in this word

battery (electric) · noun · A2

An object that stores electricity and gives it out to make things like toys, phones, or cars work.

電池

set/series of things · noun · A2

A large group of many things of the same kind, used or done together.

一連串 / 一整組

gun battery · noun · A2

Several large guns that are placed and used together, especially by an army.

砲組 / 砲台

battery cage (chickens) · noun · A2

A row of small cages where a farm keeps many chickens close together to produce a lot of eggs.

籠飼(雞舍)

原始詞典資料16 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

Batteryname

  • 1

    A park in Manhattan, New York City.

batterynoun/ˈbæt.(ə)ɹi/

  • 1

    businesselectrical-engineeringelectricityA device used to power electric devices, consisting of one or more electrically connected electrochemical cells or (archaically) electrostatic cells.

    • alkaline battery
    • sodium-ion battery
  • 2

    businesselectrical-engineeringelectricityA device used to power electric devices, consisting of one or more electrically connected electrochemical cells or (archaically) electrostatic cells.

    • Her phone needs a new battery because its present battery no longer holds a charge well.
    • 1749 Benjamin Franklin, letter to Peter Collinson Upon this We made what we call’d an Electrical Battery, consisting of eleven Panes of large Sash Glass, arm’d with thin leaden Plates, pasted on each Side... A Turky is to be killed for our Dinners by the Electrical Shock; and roasted by the electrical Jack, before a Fire kindled by the Electrified Bottle; when the Healths of all the Famous Electricians in England, France and Germany, are to be drank in Electrified Bumpers, under the Discharge of Guns from the Electrical Battery.
  • 3

    informalThe energy stored in such a device.

    • Her phone did not have enough battery for another phone call.
    • A: How much battery do you have left? B: Only 63%.
  • 4

    lawThe infliction of unlawful physical violence on a person, legally distinguished from assault, which involves the threat of impending violence.

    • Holonym: assault and battery
    • […] A battery is the actual infliction of unlawful personal violence. […] [The defendant] fell to the ground and lashed out with his feet and in doing so kicked the hand of one of the police officers, fracturing a bone. He was charged with assault […] although this was a battery.
  • 5

    governmentmilitarypoliticsA coordinated group of artillery weapons, with any of various numbers of guns.

    • Outside the ancient fort, you can still see worn areas in the stone where the batteries were once placed.
  • 6

    governmentmilitarypoliticsA coordinated group of artillery weapons, with any of various numbers of guns.

    • They sent four batteries southward in an attempt to shore up the defenses around the depot.
    • the marines had six 8-inch howitzers, eight 4.2-inch mortars, and three 105-mm howitzer batteries, each with six pieces.
  • 7

    archaichistoricalAn elevated platform on which cannon could be placed.

    • The construction of advanced batteries mirrored that of those built along the line of circumvallation. [...] Although Mahan demanded that batteries be constructed to exacting dimensions and revetted with gabions, fascines, and sandbags, at Vicksburg the resources at hand determined what materials soldiers used to build what they termed artillery "forts".
    • such forts being so contrived as to have two or three batteries, one higher than the other, furnished with many cannon.
  • 8

    An array of similar things.

    • Schoolchildren take a battery of standard tests to measure their progress.
另外 7 個記錄的用法
  • 9

    A set of small cages where hens are kept for the purpose of farming their eggs.

    • ‘Do you know how battery chickens live?’
  • 10

    ball-gamesbaseballgamesThe catcher and the pitcher together

  • 11

    board-gameschessgamesTwo or more pieces working together on the same rank, file, or diagonal

  • 12

    entertainmentlifestylemusicA marching percussion ensemble; the section of the drumline that marches on the field during a performance.

  • 13

    A group of barracuda.

  • 14

    The state of a firearm or cannon when it is possible to be fired.

    • in battery
    • out of battery
  • 15

    archaicApparatus for preparing or serving meals.

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。