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To a word in the letters of a different writing system, keeping the SOUND rather than the meaning. When we write 台北 as 'Taipei', or 謝謝 as 'xiexie', we are transliterating: the Chinese characters have been swapped for Roman letters that show roughly how it sounds. Nobody has explained what the word means — an English reader still does not know what 謝謝 means; they only know how to say it. That is the whole point of the word, and it is why it exists separately from 'translate'. It is a transitive verb: you transliterate something, usually into or from a system — 'the name was transliterated into English', 'Greek words transliterated into the Roman alphabet'. It is a fairly formal, technical word. You meet it in language classes, in library and academic writing, in books about the Bible or the Qur'an, and in anything discussing how names get spelled. Everyday speakers just say 'spell it in English letters' or 'write it in pinyin'. Note that transliteration is often : the same name can be transliterated several ways depending on the system used, which is exactly why 北京 has been written both and Beijing.
音譯、轉寫（把字轉成另一種文字系統的拼寫，如中文轉羅馬拼音）
組成trans- 'across' + Latin littera 'letter' + -ate, the ending that makes a verb. So: to carry a word ACROSS into other LETTERS. The letters change; the word itself does not.
同家族的字
- literalsame Latin littera 'letter' — following the letters exactly
- literaturesame littera 'letter' — writing, things made of letters
- literacysame littera 'letter' — being able to read the letters
- obliteratesame littera 'letter', with ob- — originally to blot out the letters, to erase writing
- translatesame trans- 'across' — carried across, but the meaning is carried, not the letters
原始詞典資料1 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
transliterateverb/tɹænzˈlɪtəɹeɪt/
- 1
To represent letters or words in the characters of another writing system.
- In German, the ß character is called eszett. It’s used in “Straße,” the word for street, and in the expletive “Scheiße.” It’s often transliterated as “ss,” and strangely enough, it’s never had an official uppercase counterpart.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。