核心畫面

One picture carries both uses of the verb: something sharp goes all the way through a thing and holds it where it stands. Not just a wound — a pin. Whatever has been transfixed is now fixed. Modern English mostly uses the picture rather than the act: a sight, a sound or a piece of news goes through you, and your feet stop working.

動詞的兩個意思,可以想成同一個畫面。一根尖的東西整個穿過去,然後把那樣東西釘在原地。重點不只是刺到,而是刺穿之後再也更多收起動詞的兩個意思,可以想成同一個畫面。一根尖的東西整個穿過去,然後把那樣東西釘在原地。重點不只是刺到,而是刺穿之後再也移不動。今天的英文比較少講真的長矛和箭,多半是拿這個畫面來比喻:一個景象、一個聲音、一個消息從你身上穿過去,然後你的腳就不聽使喚了。所以聽到 she stood transfixed,不必想成她很感動,先想成她被釘住了。

From the word’s history

From Latin transfigo, to pierce through: trans- (through) plus figo (to pierce), reaching English through Old and Middle French transfixer.

來自拉丁文 transfigō「刺穿」:trans-(穿過)加 figō(刺),再經由古法文、中古法文的 transfixer 進入英文。所以「刺穿並釘住」是這個字最早的樣子,「讓人定住不動」是從它長出來的比喻。

Wiktionary entry 'transfix' (etymology 1), source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:830494463

Two branches

字面:刺穿、釘住

這一支就是核心畫面本身,沒有經過比喻。

verb · C2

To push a spear, arrow, pin or other sharp thing right through something or someone, so that the thing is held in place and cannot move. This use belongs to stories, poems and older writing.

刺穿並釘住

比喻:整個人被定住

把「被釘在原地」從物體移到人身上:釘住你的不是尖銳的東西,而是眼前的畫面。

verb · C1

To surprise, interest, frighten or amaze someone so much that they stop moving and just stare. You meet it most often in the passive: someone is transfixed by something, or stands transfixed.

使愣住

原始詞典資料4 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

transfixverb詞源 1

  • 1

    To render motionless, by arousing terror, amazement or awe.

    • He stood transfixed before the unaccustomed view of London at night time, a vast panorama which reminded him […] of some wood engravings far off and magical, in a printshop in his childhood. They dated from the previous century and were coarsely printed on tinted paper, with tinsel outlining the design.
    • But we may as well accept her story as true, for it is likely she would have been transfixed by the narcissism of the weight lifters.
  • 2

    To pierce with a sharp pointed weapon.

    • The spear transfixed my arm that was uplifted In swift expostulation, and the blood Gushed round its point: I smiled, […]
    • There was a little stream that ran not far away, in which he bathed, and down this on occasion would come a shoal of fish. Then the natives would assemble with spears, and with much shouting would transfix the great startled things as they hurried down to the sea.
  • 3

    To fix or impale.

transfixnoun詞源 2

  • 1

    human-scienceslinguisticssciencesA discontinuous affix, typical of Afro-Asiatic languages, which occurs at more than one position in a word, i.e. a combination of prefixes, infixes and/or suffixes.

    • The Arabic word مكتوب (maktūb, “written”) is built from the root [script needed] (k–t–b, “writing”) and the transfix [script needed] (ma––ū–, “passive participle”).

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。