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In Freud's model of the mind, the part of you that judges — the inner voice that has taken in your parents' rules and your society's rules and now tells you what you should and should not do, and makes you feel guilty or ashamed when you fall short. Freud divided the mind into three: the id, which simply wants (food, pleasure, comfort, now); the ego, which deals with the real world and works out what is actually possible; and the superego, which holds the standards and passes judgement. So the superego is the conscience and the ideal self together, and it can be harsh — Freud thought a punishing superego was behind a lot of guilt. This is a technical term from psychology, and in careful use it belongs to Freudian theory in particular, not to psychology as a whole. Outside that, educated speakers borrow it loosely and half-jokingly for the strict, moralising voice in someone's head: 'my superego wouldn't let me leave the dishes'. Usually 'the superego', and it is countable when you speak of a particular person's.
超我（佛洛伊德精神分析的用語，與「本我」id、「自我」ego 並列，指內化的道德規範與良心）
組成super 'above, over' + ego 'the I, the self' (Latin ego means 'I'). The word is an English rendering of Freud's German Über-Ich, literally 'over-I' — über 'over' plus Ich 'I'.
同家族的字
- egothe same Latin ego 'I' — in Freud, the part that handles reality
- egotisticalalso from Latin ego 'I' — thinking and talking only about oneself
- superiorshares super- 'above, over'
原始詞典資料1 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
superegonoun/ˈsupɚˌiɡoʊ/
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human-sciencesmedicinepsychoanalysisThe part of the mind that acts as a self-critical conscience, reflecting social standards that have been learnt.
- Still, it would be an error to believe that psychoanalytic theory makes no contribution to describing and assessing different types of ethical conduct. The crucial notion in this connection is the relative rigidity or flexibility of the superego. The childish, immature, or neurotic superego is rigid; it is characterized by slavish adherence to rules which, moreover, may not be clearly understood. The mature or normal superego, on the other hand, is flexible; it can evaluate the situation at hand and modify the rules accordingly. Thus, in an early, classic paper, Strachey suggested that the basic aim of psychoanalytic treatment is to make such “mutative interpretations” as would help to render the patient’s “rigid superego” more “flexible”.⁸ Like the psychoanalytic theory of the superego, on which it is based, this view suffers from the limitation of being silent on what sort of rigidity is considered bad or undesirable and what sort of flexibility is considered good or desirable.
- Anthropic has positioned itself as the AI industry’s superego: the firm that speaks with the most authority about the big questions surrounding the technology, while rival companies develop advertisements and affiliate shopping links […].
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。