水果裡的核被拿掉
這一支就是核心畫面的字面版本，動詞 stone 加 -ed 直接得到的結果。
adjective · B2
Used about fruit such as dates, olives, cherries or plums when the hard seed in the middle — the stone — has been taken out.
去籽的（水果）
核心畫面
Start with the plainest picture the word can offer: stone plus -ed, something that has been dealt with by way of a stone. In a kitchen that is literal — the hard seed has been taken out of the fruit. The other, much more famous group of meanings describes a person who has been slowed down or lifted up by something, and the source is honest that how it got there is not settled, so treat the link as a memory hook rather than a history lesson.
先從最直白的畫面開始：stone 加上 -ed，就是「被石頭這件事處理過」。在廚房裡這個畫面是字面的，水果中間那顆硬…更多收起
先從最直白的畫面開始：stone 加上 -ed，就是「被石頭這件事處理過」。在廚房裡這個畫面是字面的，水果中間那顆硬核被挖掉了。另外一組更有名的意思講的是人：被什麼東西弄慢、或弄得飄起來。資料自己也說，那組意思怎麼來的並沒有定論。所以這條線可以當記憶的掛鉤，不要當成歷史。From the word’s history
The source records stoned as Middle English stoned / istoned, equal to stone + -ed. It adds that the 'intoxicated' sense arose in American English in the mid-20th century and that its origin is not fully clear: it may come from the older slang stone drunk, or be a phono-semantic matching of Italian-American stunod.
資料寫的是：stoned 來自中古英語的 stoned／istoned，等於 stone 加 -ed。它也說「被弄到恍神」那個意思是二十世紀中期在美式英語裡出現的，來源並不清楚。可能來自更舊的俚語 stone drunk，也可能是義大利裔俚語 stunod 的借音借義。兩種都只是推測，資料本身就這樣寫。
Wiktionary (English 'stoned'), etymology_text supplied in the evidence packet
Two branches
人被弄慢、弄飄的狀態
這一支不是從果核那個畫面長出來的。資料明說它的來源不確定，所以兩邊放在同一頁上，但不把後者說成前者的延伸。
adjective · B2
Feeling very relaxed or very excited, and often slow or unclear in your thinking, because you have taken a drug such as marijuana.
嗑藥後恍神的
原始詞典資料6 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
stonedadj/stəʊnd/
- 1
Containing stones.
- 2
Having had the stones removed.
- 3
archaicslangDrunk; intoxicated by alcohol.
- STONED: drunk, captivated, ecstatic, sent out of this world.
- 'He could be a mean drunk,' said saxophonist Artie Drelinger. '[…] Booze was his priority, and when he was stoned he could be a son of a bitch.'
- 4
slangHigh on drugs, especially cannabis.
- We got stoned and ate four bags of potato chips.
- Riccio nodded toward a boy across the floor and said, “See that kid? He’s on dope.” The boy was standing against a wall, staring vacantly at the dancers, his face fixed in a gentle, faraway smile. Every few seconds, he would wipe his nose with the back of his hand. “Man, that Jo-Jo!” Benny said. “He’s stoned all the time.” “What’s he on—horse?” Riccio asked, meaning heroin. “Who knows with that creep?” Benny said. I asked Benny if any special kind of boy went in for dope. “The creeps,” he said. “You know, the goofballs.” He searched for a word. “The weak kids. Like Jo-Jo. There ain’t nothing the guys can’t do to him. Last week, we took his pants off and made him run right in the middle of the street without them.”
- 5
slangExhilarated; intoxicated by something (such as love) other than drugs or alcohol.
- "I am stoned on Jesus! He turns me on and gives me something drugs never could!"
- I had told them my sailing plans—a few voyages and then Palmyra—but learned almost nothing about them except they were stoned on life. They were so in love with each other and so enamored with their six-month-old baby, […]
這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形：
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。