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Privation is a hard, rather formal word for going without the things a person needs to live: food, warmth, a roof, sometimes light or company. It is not a small inconvenience. Missing a bus is not privation; a winter with no heating and little bread is. You meet it in history, in news about war or poverty, and in serious writing. It sits next to hardship. Though actually, many people reach first for deprivation, which is the more common modern word; privation sounds a little older and more . You can speak of one privation or of several privations. It is related to private: the old Latin idea was of being stripped or set apart from what you had.
匱乏（缺乏食物、溫暖、住所等基本所需；書面語）
組成Inherited from Middle English privacioun, from Middle French privation, from Old French privacion, from Latin prīvātiō; compare French privation. See private.
同家族的字
- privatefrom the same Latin root
- depriveto take away what someone needs
- deprivationthe more common modern word for this kind of lack
原始詞典資料4 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
privationnoun/pɹɪˈveɪʃən/
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human-sciencesphilosophysciencesThe state of being deprived of or lacking an attribute formerly or properly possessed; the loss or absence of such an attribute.
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The state of being very poor, and lacking the basic necessities of life.
- His [the Native American's] nature is stern, simple and enduring; fitted to grapple with difficulties, and to support privations.
- For Yen Hsüeh-mei, the Shanghai-bred nurse, life in northern Hupei must have represented a striking change. Lao-ho-k'ou was the headquarters of General Li Tsung-jen, commander of the Fifth War Area.[…]If the General lived in such humble quarters, it is safe to say that the quarters to which Chiang Kuei brought his wife were plainer yet. But physical privation was nearly universal and in many ways Lao-ho-k'ou was an interesting place to be.
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The act of depriving someone of such basic necessities; deprivation.
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obsoleteDegradation or suspension from an office.
- Refinement and amusement, like knowledge, are so diffused now-a-days, that an exile from the royal circle would be a nominal punishment; but it then included every species of privation. The theatre—at that era such a resource—balls, fêtes, &c., to say nothing of worldly influence, were all forfeited by a banishment from court, the centre of all the pleasures, variety, and ambition of society.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。