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If someone is parsimonious, they are extremely unwilling to spend money. It is stronger and more formal than “careful with money.” It can sound as if the person holds the coins too tightly, even when they have enough. You will see it in writing more than you will hear it in the market; everyday talk is more likely to say stingy, tight, or 小氣. Though actually, scientists and philosophers use the same word in a second room. A parsimonious explanation is one that spends as few extra ideas as possible: the simplest story that still fits the facts. A parsimonious family tree in biology is the one that does not add extra twists you do not need. So the money sense is “spend little,” and the thinking sense is “use little.” Same shape, two places. Do not hear it as a compliment by default in the money sense; it often leans toward too little, not just wise.
吝嗇的；學術上也可指最簡約的（假設最少）
組成From parsimony + -ous, which turns the noun into an adjective.
同家族的字
- parsimonythe noun this adjective is built from
- parsimoniouslythe adverb, parsimonious plus -ly
原始詞典資料3 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
parsimoniousadj/pɑː.sɪˈməʊ.ni.əs/
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Exhibiting parsimony; sparing in the expenditure of money; frugal, possibly to excess.
- He was regular in his habits, parsimonious, and industrious; but he lacked all talent needed at the bar—he had neither address, nor eloquence, nor ingenuity.
- Our fathers would have an economical government, even if grand people called it a parsimonious one, and taxes should be no greater than were absolutely necessary to pay for such a government.
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Using a minimal number of assumptions, steps, or conjectures.
- Statistical methods offer the ability to enforce parsimonious selection of the most influential potential predictors of each gene's state.
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hobbieslifestylesportsNot conceding many goals.
- They played like a team that was in a hurry to get back to the Premier League. Norwich City had dismantled the most parsimonious defence in the Championship inside the opening quarter of an hour and at the final whistle it was the yellow end, rather than Middlesbrough’s banks of red, where the euphoria could be found.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。