Monetarism is a belief about how to run a country's economy. People who hold this belief say the most important job for the government, or the central bank, is to control the amount of money in the country — how much is printed, how much sits in banks, how easy it is to borrow. If there is too much money, they say, prices will rise; if they keep the money supply limited, the economy will stay healthier. It is a specialist word from economics, used in news and textbooks, not at the dinner table. It became famous in the late twentieth century, especially with governments that tried to fight high prices by tightening money. Though actually, even people who use the word argue about how much that control really works, and about what the amount of money even means now, when so much of it is numbers in a phone, not notes in a wallet. A person who believes this is a monetarist.

貨幣主義（主張靠控制貨幣供給來管理經濟）